Department of Technical Education

Andhra Pradesh
Name : T. Subbarayudu
Designation : Lecturer
Branch : Civil Engineering
Institute : S.V. Govt. Polytechnic, Tirupati
Year/Semester : III Semester
Subject : Hydraulics
Subject Code : C304
Topic : Flow Of Liquid
Duration : 50 Minutes
Sub Topic : Practical application of bernoulli’s
theorem - venturi meter
Teaching Aids : PPT, Diagrams
Revised By : V. Srinivasa Rao, Lecturer, DAGPT,
Ongole
9C304.19 1
Objectives

On completion of this session, you would be

able to

• Calculate discharge through the venturi meter.

• Design the diameter of venturimerter

• Find the Venturi head

9C304.19 2
Recap

In the previous sessions, you have learnt in detail

about

• Applications of Bernoulli’s theorem

• Venturimeter and its applications

• Derivation of Discharge formula through venturi

meter

9C304.19 3
We know that
• Discharge through the Venturimeter
a1a2 2 gh
Q  Cd
a 21  a2 2
Where Q = Discharge through venturimerter
Cd = Coefficient of discharge
a1 = c/s area of inlet
a2 = c/s. area of throat
h = Pressure difference between inlet
and throat
g = acceleration due to gravity

9C304.19 4
 Problems
1.A venturimerter 300x 100 mm is used fir measuring the
discharge of an oil flowing through a pipe. The difference
of pressure measured by a differential mercury
manometer is 150 mm . The specific gravity of oil is 0.8
and the venturi coefficient is 0.97 . Calculate the
discharge of oil in lt / sec.
Sol: Given data:

d1  300 mm  0.3m
d 2  100 mm  0.1m
π  0.32
a1  area at inlet   0.070 m 2
4
9C304.19 5
 π  0.12
a 2  area at throat   0.00785 m 2
4

x  difference between mercury levels

 x 150 mm  0.15 m

S 
h  x  m  1
 S 

13.6 
 0.15   1
 0.8 

 2.4 m
9C304.19 6
discharge through the venturimeter

Cd  a1 a 2 2gh
Q 
a12  a 2
2

Cd  0.97

0.97  0.070  0.00785  2  9.81  2.4


0.0702  0.007852

 5.22  103 m3 /sec

9C304.19 7
2.Find the discharge flowing through a venturimerter on inlet
dia. 30 cm and throat dia. 15 cm. The pressure difference
between inlet and throat as read with the help of differential
manometer is found to be 20 cm. of mercury. Specific gravity
of liquid 0.8 and that of mercury is 13.6

Cd = Coefficient of discharge venturimerter is 0.98

9C304.19 8
Sol: Given data:
Diameter at inlet  30cm

Area at inlet a1  (30) 2
4
 706.86 cm2
Diameter at throat  15cm

Area at inlet a 2  (15) 2
4
176.71 cm2

9C304.19 9
 Specific gravity of oil  0.8
Difference of pressure head
h  20 cm of mercury
 13.6  0.8 
 20  
 0.8 
 320 cm of oil
Coefficient of meter disch arg e of venturi meter Cd  0.98

Let Q  Disch arg e of oil through the pipe. Using the relation
Cd a1 a 2
Q= 2gh with usual notation
a12  a 22 

9C304.19 10
 Cd a1 a 2
Q= 2gh
 a12  a 22 
0.98  706.86 176.71
Q=  2  981 320
 706.86 2  176.71 2 
    
 141718.07 cm3 / sec
 141.718 lit / sec
 0.141718 m3 / sec

 Disch arg e of oil through the venturimeter

Q = 0.141718 m3 / sec.
9C304.19 11
3. A 20 cm x 10 cm venturimerter is mounted in a vertical
pipe carrying water the flow being upwards. The throat
section is 20 cm above the entrance section of the
venturimerter. For a certain flow through the meter, the
differential gauge between the throat and entrance
indicates a gauge deflection of 25 cm. Assuming the
Coefficient of venturimerter is 0.98. Find the discharge.

9C304.19 12
Sol: Given data:
Diameter at inlet  20 cm
 2
Area at inlet a1  (20)
4
 314.16 cm 2
Diameter at throat  10 cm

Area at inlet a 2  (10)2
4
2
 78.54 cm

9C304.19 13
Mercury manometer reading,

h  25 cm of mercury
 13.6  1 
 25  
 1 
 315 cm of water

Cd  0.98

Let Q  Disch arg e of water through the pipe. Using the relation
Cd a1 a 2
Q= 2gh with usual notation
 
a12  a 22

9C304.19 14
 Cd a1 a 2
Q= 2gh
 a12 - a 22 
0.98×314.16×78.54
Q= × 2× 981× 315
 314.16 2 - 78.54 2 
    

3
Q = 62490 cm / sec

Q = 62.490 lit / sec

9C304.19 15
4. A venturimerter has an area ratio of 9 to 1, the larger
diameter being 30 cm. During the flow, the recorded
pressure head in the larger section is 6.5 m and that at
the throat 4.25 m. If meter coefficient , Cd = 0.99
Compute the discharge through the metre.

9C304.19 16
Sol: Given data:
a1
Ratio of areas, =9
a2
Diameter at larger section = 0.3m
π
Area at inlet a1 = (0.3) 2
4
= 0.07069 m 2
0.07069
Area at smaller section a 2 =
9
= 0.00785 m 2
9C304.19 17
Pressure head at larger section
 6.5 m
Pressure head at smaller section
 4.25 m
Difference of pressure heads

h = 6.5  4.25 = 2.25 m of liquid

Coefficient of meter Cd= 0.99

Let Q  Disch arg e of oil through the pipe. Using the relation
Cd a1 a 2
Q= 2gh with usual notation
a12  a 22
9C304.19 18
 Cd a1 a 2
Q= 2gh
 a12 - a 22 
0.99×0.07069 ×0.00785
Q= × 2 × 981× 2.25
 0.07069 2 - 0.00785 2 
    

Q = 0.052 m3 / sec

Q = 52.00 lit / sec

9C304.19 19
5. A venturi meter consisting of 10 cm diameter at throat
in a 25 diameter pipe has coefficient of 0.99. The pipe
delivers oil specific gravity of 0.8. The pressure
difference on the two sides of the orifice plate is
measured by a mercury oil differential manometer. If the
differential gauge reads 80 cm of mercury, calculate the
rate of flow in litre / sec.

9C304.19 20
Sol: Given data:
Diameter of venturi meter  10cm
π 2 2
 Area a1  10  78.59cm
4
Diameter of pipe  25cm
π
 Area a 2   252  490.87 cm 2
4
Venturi meter coefficient C d  0.99
Specific gravity of oil  0.8

9C304.19 21
 π  0.12
a 2  area at throat   0.00785 m 2
4

x  difference between mercury levels

 x 150 mm  0.15 m

S 
h  x  m  1
 S 

13.6 
 0.15   1
 0.8 

 2.4 m
9C304.19 22
Discharge through the venturimerter

Cd  a1 a 2 2gh
Q 
a12  a 2
2

Cd  0.99

0.99  0.070  0.00785  2  9.81  2.4


0.070 2  0.007852

 55.31  10 3 m3 /sec

9C304.19 23
6. Find the discharge flowing through a venturi meter on

inlet dia. 30 cm and throat dia. 15 cm. The pressure

difference between inlet and throat as read with the help

of differential manometer is found to be 20 cm. of

mercury. Specific gravity of liquid 0.8 and that of

mercury is 13.6

Cd = Coefficient of venturimerter is 0.97

9C304.19 24
Sol: Given data:
Diameter at inlet  30 cm

Area at inlet a1  (30) 2
4
2
 706.86 cm
Diameter at throat  15cm

Area at inlet a 2  (15) 2
4
176.71 cm2
9C304.19 25
 Specific gravity of oil  0.8

Difference of pressure head

h  20 cm of mercury
 13.6  0.8 
 20  
 0.8 
 320 cm of oil

Cd  0.97

Let Q  Disch arg e of oil through the pipe. Using the relation
Cd a1 a 2
Q= 2gh with usual notation
a12  a 22
9C304.19 26
 Cd a1 a 2
Q= 2gh
 a12  a 22 
0.97  706.86 176.71
Q=  2  981 320
 706.86 2  176.71 2 
    
140270 cm3 / sec
 140.27 lit / sec
 0.1402 m3 / sec

 Disch arg e of oil through the venturimeter

Q = 0.1402 m3 / sec.

9C304.19 27
 7.A horizontal venturi meter 16 cm x 8 cm is used to
measure the flow of an oil specific gravity 0.8 . Determine
the deflection of the oil mercury gauge, if the discharge
of a oil is 50 lt /sec. Take Cd =.95

π 2
Sol: Area of the inlet end = 16 =201.06 cm2
4
π 2
Area of the inlet throat = ×8 = 50.265cm2
4
specific gravity of oil =0.8
Q = 50 lit /sec or 50x1000 = 50000 cm3 /sec

9C304.19 28
  Sh 
h  x   1
 Sf 
 13.6-0.8 
x 
 0.8 
h  16x
a1a 2 2gh
Q  Cd
a12  a 2
2

0.95  201.06  50.26

50000   2  981  16x
201.062  50.262

x  32.74 cm

differences of liquid columns  32.74 cm of mercury

9C304.19 29
 8.A horizontal venturi meter 30 cm x 15 cm is used to
measure the flow of water. Determine the deflection of
the water mercury gauge, if the discharge of a water is
110 lt /sec. Assume Cd =0.96

Sol:
π
Area of the inlet end =  302 = 706.85 cm 2
4
π
Area of the throat = ×152 = 176.714 cm 2
4
Q = 110 lit /sec or 110x1000 = 110000 cm3/sec
9C304.19 30
  Sh 
h  x   1
 Sf 
 13.6 - 1 
x 
 1 
h  12.6 x
a1a 2 2gh
Q  Cd
a12  a 22

0.96  706.85 176.714

110000   2  981 12.6 x
706.852  176.7142

x  15.944 cm of mercury
differences of liquid columns  15.944 cm of mercury

9C304.19 31
Summary
In this session, you have learnt about solving

problems on

• Finding discharge through venturimerter

• Designing the diameter at throat of venturi meter

• Finding the venturi head.

9C304.19 32
Quiz

1. For measuring discharge through closed conduits

accurately the device used is

a) venturi meter

b) orifice meter

c) pitot tube

d) elbow meter
9C304.19 33
Quiz
2. For measuring velocity through streams accurately the

device used is

a) venturi meter

b) orifice meter

c) pitot tube

d) elbow meter

9C304.19 34
Quiz

3. Energy conversion in the inlet of a venturi meter is

a) pressure energy increases

b) velocity energy decreases

c) pressure energy remains unaltered

d) velocity energy increases

9C304.19 35
 Frequently Asked Questions
1. A venturimerter 200x 100 mm is used for measuring the
discharge of an oil flowing through a pipe. The difference
of pressure measured by a differential mercury manometer is
220 mm . The specific gravity of oil is 0.9and the Cd = 0.97 .
Calculate the discharge of oil in lt / sec
2 A horizontal venturi meter 18 cm x 9 cm is used to measure
the flow of an oil specific gravity 0.8 . Determine the
deflection of the oil mercury gauge, if the discharge of a oil is
90 lt /sec. Assume Cd =.95

9C304.19 36
Frequently Asked Questions
3. A 20 cm x 12 cm venturimerter is mounted in a vertical pipe
carrying water the flow being upwards. The throat section is
20 cm above the entrance section of the venturimerter. For a
certain flow through the meter, the differential gauge between
the throat and entrance indicates a gauge deflection of 28 cm.
Assuming the Coefficient of discharge of venturimerter is
0.98. Find the discharge.
4. A horizontal venturi meter 30 cm x 16 cm is used to measure
the flow of water. Determine the deflection of the water
mercury gauge, if the discharge of a water is 105 lt /sec.
Assume Cd =0.96

9C304.19 37