AN ACTIVE LEARNING ASSIGNMENT

ON
DISPOSAL OF SEWAGE

Prepared By:
130180106002
130180106018
130180106019
130180106021
130180106060

Guided By :
Prof. U.K.KHARE

2015
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 1
DEPARTMENT OF CIVILENGINEERINGENGINEERING
GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE, DAHOD
DISPOSAL OF SEWAGE

 The method used for disposal of sewage are called

disposal methods. The sewage can be disposed of after

suitable treatment or without treatment. Sewage is finally

disposed off either on land or in large bodies of water

like sea, river or lake.

2
SEWAGE

 Waste water often contain high level of organic matter

from industrial , agricultural & human waste.

 Sewage is a collection of all domestic, industrial &

storm-water run off.

 The treatment of human waste impacted waters with

many pathogens that may be present is very important. 3

WASTE WATER

 Defined combination of liquid or water carried wastes

removed from residences, institutions & commercial &

industrial establishment.

 If it is left untreated , may cause spread diseases .

4
OBJECTS OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL

 The destruction of fish & other Aquatic life can be

prevented by the swage disposal methods.

 With proper sewage disposal the environment or the

areas does not become polluted.

 Sanitary condition are maintained in the area.

5
DISPOSAL METHOD

There are two principal methods of sewage disposal

by utilizing natural agencies i.e.,

1. Dilution i.e., disposal of sewage of water.

2. Land disposal or irrigation

Both methods are very simple.

6
DILUTION

Dilution is the disposal of sewage by discharging it into

large bodies of water like sea, streams, rivers etc. This

method is possible only when the natural water is available

in large quantity near the town. Proper care should be

taken while discharging sewage in water so that sewage may

7
not pollute natural water and make it unfit for any other

purposes like bathing, drinking, irrigation etc.

CONDITIONS FAVOURING DILUTION

1. Where favorable currents exits in a stream.

2. Where sewage is almost free from floating settleable solids.

3. Where through mixing is possible.

4. Where diluting water has high quantities of dissolved

oxygen.
8

5. When the city is situated near river or sea.

SOURCES OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL

 CREEKS

 LAKES

 STREAM & RIVERS

 GROUND WATER

 SEA OR OCEAN

9
SOURCES OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL

 CREEKS :-These are in the form of an inlet on sea coast

. These may or may not have DWF (Dry water flow

).Sewage in creeks should be disposed off very carefully.

 LAKES:-These are enclosed depressions & are

sometimes used for the dilution of sewage.

10
SOURCES OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL

 SEA OR OCEAN:-sewage can be disposed off in the sea water

. The temp. of sea water is lower than the sewage temp. But the

sp, gravity is higher. Due to above reason , the sewage

discharged into the sea water remains at the surface & forms a

thin film due to its lower sp. Gravity .

11
SOURCES OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL

 Some precautions to be taken while diluting sewage into sea

water.

 The sewage should be discharged at that point where the depth of

water is more.

 The sewage discharging pipe should be taken sufficiently deep in sea

say 1.5 km so that the sewage may not come back again to the shore
12
by heavy tides & create nuisance.
NUISANCE DUE TO DISPOSAL

 PHYSICAL NUISANCE

 CHEMICAL NUISANCE

 BACTERIAL NUISANCE

 PHYSICAL NUISANCE;-The deposits of suspended solids

depends upon the bed & banks of a stream have certain

nuisance characteristics . 13
SELF-PURIFICAION OF STREAMS

The natural process in which the oxygen of water of

streams is consumed by sewage and at the same time

it is filled again by the atmosphere is called self-

purification of streams.

14
FACTORS AFFECTING SELF PURIFICATION
OF STREAM

Dilution;-when sewage is discharged into the stream water

, the offensiveness of the organic matter is diminished by

its dispersion through the diluting water .

SEDIMENTATION:-The heavier solids with slow current

settle in the stream bed & start anaerobic decomposition .

15
FACTORS AFFECTING SELF PURIFICATION
OF STREAM

 OXYDATION ;-The oxidation of the organic matter starts as

soon as sewage is discharged into the diluting water due to

 SUNLIGHT;-It has sterilizing effect on certain bacterias,

bleaching powder & photosynthesis by which chlorophyll

bearing organisms take energy from sun & convert it into food
16
for other forms of life .
APPLICATION OF SEWAGE METHODS

 FLOODING METHOD

 SURFACE IRRIGATION METHOD

 ZIG ZAG METHOD

 LAGOONING METHOD

 BASIN METHOD

 SUB-SOIL IRRIGATION METHOD

17
 RIDGE AND FERROW IRRIGATION METHOD.
THANKS
18