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A. PENGERTIAN PROTEIN
PROTEIN BERASAL DARI BAHASA YUNANI “PROTOS”
THAT MEAN “THE PRIME IMPORTANCE”
ARTINYA : “TERUTAMA” ATAU “PENTING”
R
► STRUKTUR : O
H N C C OH
H H
Structure of Amino Acid
H
O
H N C C O H
H H H
Glycine
The simplest amino acid H C H
H N C C O H
H H
Alanine
CONDENSATION OF AMINO ACID
HOH
water
Amino acid + Amino acid Dipeptida
MOTOR PROTEIN :
PROTEIN THAT TURN ENERGY
INTO
MECHANICAL WORK.
MOTOR PROTEIN ACTIVE IN
PROCESSES SUCH AS DIVIDING
CELLS, CONTRACTING MUSCLE,
SWIMMING SPERM
3. SISTEM PERTAHANAN TUBUH
► PROTEIN MEMBENTUK ANTIBODY YANG
BERTANGGUNG JAWAB UNTUK MELAWAN INFEKSI
DAN BENDA ASING YANG MASUK DALAM TUBUH
► HORMON
SUATU SENYAWA YANG DIHASILKAN OLEH TUBUH
TERSUSUN ATAS PROTEIN UNTUK FUNGSI
REGULATOR
► ENZIM
ADALAH PROTEIN YANG MENGKATALIS REAKSI
KIMIA DI DALAM TUBUH
► HEMOGLOBIN
KOMPONEN DARAH YANG TERSUSUN ATAS PROTEIN
DAN ZAT BESI
Human Insulin
Human insulin is relatively small protein that consist of 51 amino acid in two short
Polypeptide chains. Two brigdes link he two chains. A third bridge spans a section
within the short chain. Known as disulfide bridges, these link involve the amino acid
Cystein (Cys), whose side group contains sulfur (S). Cystein connect to each other
when bonds form between these side group.
7. TRANSPOR ZAT GIZI
PEPSIN
LAMBUNG : PROTEIN PEPTIDA
HCL
PANKREATIK PROTEASE
PEPTIDASE
PIRUVAT
ACETYL Co A
TCA CYCLE
NH3
H2O CO2
“TURN OVER PROTEIN”
Pemecahan AA
DIETARY Dari sell Degradasi
PROTEIN protein
BODY PROTEIN
ASAM AMINO
Sintensis protein
POOL AA
DLM SEL
Sintesis senyawa
Non protein
HATI : Kel. AA
Energi
GINJAL
METABOLISME PROTEIN
PROSES METABOLISME PROTEIN ADA 2 MACAM :
1. PROSES TRANSAMINASI
2. PROSES DEAMINASI
► TRANSAMINASI :
PROSES PEMINDAHAN GUGUS AMIN DARI SATU ASAM
AMINO UNTUK MEMBENTUK ASAM AMINO BARU
CONTOH : PEMBENTUKAN SISTIN DARI METIONIN
► DEAMINASI
PROSES PENGHILANGAN GUGUS AMIN SEHINGGA AKAN
MEMBENTUK SENYAWA BARU
CONTOH : PEMBENTUKAN NIASIN DARI TRIPTOFAN
DEAMINATION
► When amino acid are broken down (as
occurs when they are used for energy),
they are first deaminated, stripped of their
amino groups.
► Deamination produce ammonia, which the
cells release into the bloodstream.
► The liver pick up the ammonia, converts it
into urea (a less toxic compound), and
returns urea into the blood.
► The production of urea increase as dietary
protein increase (max 250 g/day)
► Two products result from deamination :
1. α keto acid (the carbon structure without
amino group)
2. Ammonia (NH3), a toxic compound
► Most amino acids can be used to
synthesize glucose from pyruvate, they
are called a glucogenic amino acid
► Some amino acids are converted directly
to acetyl CoA, they called ketogenic amino
acid
AMINO ACID ENTER THE ENERGY PATHWAY
NH2
Glucogenic Piruvate
Amino acids
NH2 Coenzyme
CoA
To electron
H+
Coenzyme E- Transport
chain
CO2
NH2
Ketogenic
Acetyl CoA
Amino acids
NH2
Glucogenic TCA
Amino acids Cycle
NH2
TRANSAMINATION
► The transfer of an amino group from one
amino acid to keto acid, producing a new
non essential amino acid and a new keto
acid
► Through many such transamination
reactions, involving many different keto
acids, the liver cells can synthesize the non
essential amino acids
TRANSAMINATION
Side
Side
group
group
C O + H C NH2
COOH COOH
Side Side
group group
H C NH2 + C O
COOH COOH
Blood stream
Kidney Urea