NDE 2

Inspection and NDE 2 Learning

Activities
Lesson Objectives 1. View Slides;
When you finish this lesson you will 2. Read Notes,
understand: 3. Listen to lecture
• Several Other Non-destructive Testing 4. View Demo
Techniques 5. Do on-line
• Advantages and Disadvantages of each workbook
6. Do homework

Keywords
Eddy Current Testing, Ultrasonic Testing, Acoustic Emission
I=E/Z
Z=Impedence

Defects disturb magnetic

field which changes Z, and
is picked up by change
in Coil current

Defect must by oriented normal to induced current

AWS Welding Handbook,

Vol 1, 1987
AWS Welding Handbook,
Vol 1, 1987
AWS Welding Handbook,
Vol 1, 1987
AWS Welding Handbook,
Vol 1, 1987
Turn to the person sitting next to you and discuss (1 min.):
• In what circumstances might Eddy Current Testing not
work well?
 Nondestructive Evaluation

Ultrasonic Testing
• Transducer emits a beam of ultrasound which is
transmitted through the sample; free surfaces or
defects reflect the beam
• The reflected beam is monitored on an
oscilloscope
• Water, grease, glycerin couple together the
transducer with the metal
• There is a certain skill/art involved in positioning
the transducer

0.1.1.4.1.T4.95.12
Advantages of UT
• Can detect discontinuities in thick sections
• Has relatively high sensitivity to small discontinuities
• Able to determine depth or internal discontinuity and to
estimate size and shape
• Can adequately inspect from one surface
• Equipment can be moved to the job site
• Is nonhazardous to personnel or other equipment
Limitations
•Setup and operation require trained and experienced
technicians
• Weldments that are rough, irregular, very small or thin
are difficult to inspect
• Discontinuities at the surface are difficult to detect
• A couplant is needed
• Reference standards are necessary to calibrate
 Welding Code

Nondestructive Evaluation
transducer

ultrasonic defect
wave

Ultrasonic signal over flaw A C

A - top surface
B
B - flaw
C - bottom surface
AWS Welding Handbook,
Vol 1, 1987
High Velocity, Short wavelength
Can be focused
Propagated Through water
Only used for inclusions and laminations

Approx. 1/2 Velocity of Longitudinal

Easier Electronic timing
Greater Sensitivity to small defects
Can get 3D info
More easily dispersed
Not propagated through water

AWS Welding Handbook,

Vol 1, 1987
AWS Welding Handbook,
Vol 1, 1987
 Defect Size Determination

Defect Length Determination

AWS Welding Handbook,
Vol 1, 1987
Estimating location
AWS Welding Handbook,
Vol 1, 1987
 Discontinuity Orientation

Discontinuity Type & Shape

AWS Welding Handbook,

Vol 1, 1987
Estimating Height

AWS Welding Handbook,

Vol 1, 1987
 Acoustic Emission

Signals Produced by:

• Plastic Deformation,
• Clamping/Unclamping
• Loading
• Thermal Stressing
• Crack Propagation

Picked Up by Transducer
• Monitor during welding
• Arc Welding
• Resistance Welding
• Monitor In-Service
 Please Click on the Non-Destructive Testing
Demonstration on the Demonstration Web page on the
WE300 Website.