VIBRATIONAL ANALYSIS OF CRACKED HOOKS

Institution
Emilio Cordoba Janssen¹, Eduardo Farinazzo Gama¹, Marcus Vinícius Manfrin de logo
Oliveira Filho¹
Positivo University, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
emilio9245@yahoo.com.br

INTRODUCTION EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

The appearance of cracks in structures is related to several factors, such as fatigue of the
component due to high cycles of loading and unloading until the structure is exposed to overload.
In recent years, several methods of non-destructive analysis have been developed, but there is still
no method applicable to all structures. One of the most recent non-destructive methods used for
crack detection is the modal analysis of structures combined with optimization problems, since
cracks change the mechanical properties of the structure (stiffness and damping). The objective of
this work is to study the vibrational properties of cracked hooks, as a preliminary study in order to
develop a methodology for crack identification in these structures.
A three-dimensional model of the hook commonly used by hook manufacturers, designed from
the standard DIN 150 401, was obtained from the CAD platform. The component was imported
into commercial software Ansys 17.2, where the mechanical properties, mesh characteristics,
dimension of the elements and the contour conditions of the problem were applied. With the
computational model built, it was possible to calculate the natural frequencies of the hook
without the presence of damages and with the presence of cracks. The crack was introduced into
the inner radius of the hook as shown below. A total of twenty different scenarios were analyzed
through the finite element method, varying crack positions and depths.

RESULTS
The first six natural frequencies calculated for the undamaged hook can be seen in the table The results of the six natural frequencies for each scenario are shown in the next figure. Can be
below. It can be observed that the first two frequencies have very close results, but are seen that the fourth natural frequency is most affected by breathing crack, followed by the fifth
associated with different modes of vibration. and sixth ones. On the other hand, the first, second, and third natural frequencies and vibrational
modes are not so sensitive to this type of crack in that region. The greater the crack, the lower the
Natural stiffness of the structure and, consequently, the lower the natural frequency.
Modes
frequency (Hz)
1 97.750 Natural frequencies x Cracked scenario
2 98.488 N6 (hz) N5 (hz) N4 (hz) N3 (hz) N2 (hz) N1 (hz)
1200
3 313.020
4 707.480 1000

5 871.500
6 1018.300 800
Frequency (hz)

The first six modes of vibration for the hook with crack were analyzed. Some of them are
weakly influenced by the presence of crack, while others suffer a significant influence from the 600

damage. Figure below shows the first six vibrational modes of the hook with cracks.
1600

1400

1200
Ti K

1000

400
counts

800

600

400

200 O K

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
keV

200

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Scenario

Scenario 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Crack angle
10 10 10 10 10 20 20 20 20 20 30 30 30 30 30 40 40 40 40 40
(°)

Crack depth
40 30 20 10 5 40 30 20 10 5 40 30 20 10 5 40 30 20 10 5
(mm)

b)

CONCLUSIONS
The results of the simulations make clear the variation of the vibrational behavior of the hooks
subjected to the presence of cracks; the change in vibration modes and natural frequencies is
proportional to the magnitude of the damage: the deeper the crack, the greater the difference in
the value of natural frequencies. For the analyzed hook with the boundary conditions adopted, the
fourth mode of vibration presented a greater sensitivity to the localized damage, followed by the
fifth and sixth modes, respectively.
REFERENCES
• Agarwalla, D.K. and Parhi, D.R., 2013. “Effect of crack on modal parameters of a cantilever beam
subjected to vibration”. In Procedia Engineering, Vol. 51, Pages 665-669.
• Chati, M., Rand, R. and Mukherjee, S., 1997. “Modal analysis of a cracked beam”. In Journal of
Sound and Vibration, 207(2), 249-270.
• Priyadarshini, A., 2013. “Identification of cracks in beams using vibration analysis”. Master of
technology in structural engineering – Civil Engineering. Nat. Inst. of Technology Rourkela.
• Rezaee, M. and Fekrmandi, H., 2012. “A theoretical and experimental investigation on free
vibration behavior of a cantilever beam with a breathing crack”. Shock and Vibration 19, 175-186.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Emílio Cordoba Janssen

emilio9245@yahoo.com.br
Eduardo Farinazzo Gama
This work was carried out with the financial support of CNPq (Process 0564/P-DYNM22). The authors eduardofarinazzogama@gmail.com
would like to thank Positivo University for the support in this article. We also thank the PUCPR for the Marcus Vinícius Manfrin de Oliveira Filho
use of its facilities. marcus.filho@up.edu.br