BLAST DESIGN
GEOMETRY :
Burden Stiffness Ratio > 3.5 (Excellent)
Relative Confinement > 1.4 (Confine)
Vertical Energy Distribution > 80% (Even Energy)
Angle Drilling (10o)
S = 1.15 x B
Stemming = 20 – 30 x Ø
Sub Drilling = 8 - 12 x Ø
DELAY CONFIGUWATION :
Delay Between Holes in a Row min 3 ms per meter Spacing
Delay Between Rows min 6 ms per meter Burden
Delay Between Rows min 2-3 x Delay Between Holes in a Row.
Longer Delay (> 100 ms) to maximize Displacement
Longer Delay in Back Row to minimize Back Break
ENVIROMETAL :
Use Nonel to minimize Air Blast & Ground Vibration
Zero Oxygen Balance to avoid Fumes or Over Fuel Mix to Minimize
energy Looses.
70
50
Good
blastability
30
25
20
15
10
Good
fragmentation
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7
Drill Pattern vs Drill Hole Diameter for a Given Mean Shotrock Fragment Size
CAUSED AND REDUCTION OF FLY ROCK
STEMMING
EXPLOSIVE
BURDEN
CAUSE – TOO SMALL OF A BURDEN DISTANCE
REDUCTION – INCREASE BURDEN BY DRILLING CREST
ROW FARTHER AWAY FROM THE CREST
FLY ROCK
STEMMING
STEMMING
FLY ROCK
MUD SEAM
EXPLOSIVE
CAUSE – WEAK GEOLOGY (MUD SEAM)
REDUCTION – HAVE DRILLER NOTE SOFT SEAM ON DRILL
RECORD AND PLACE INERT MATERIAL IN WEAK ZONE DURING LOADING
CAUSED AND REDUCTION OF FLY ROCK (cont.)
CREST COLLAR
STEMMING
FLY ROCK
EXPLOSIVE
FLY ROCK
STEMMING
EXPLOSIVE
FLY ROCK
STEMMING
EXPLOSIVE
BLASTING MAT
Pada kondisi tertentu, Air Blast dapat terfokus pada arah tertentu.
Inversi Suhu
Jika temperatur udara naik sesuai jarak dari permukaan tanah.
Wind Focusing
Pengaruh Air Blast lebih kuat oleh angin
Reduction of Air Blast :
1. Confine Stemming :
Jangan gunakan stemming lumpur
Crushed stone untuk stemming terutama di lubang basah.
Tambahkan stemming di row pertama.
2. Hindari Penggunaan Detonating Cord di Permukaan :
Timbun detonating cord paling sedikit 1 foot atau lebih di bawah tanah.
Gunakan detonating cord dengan low grain dan timbun beberapa inchi di
bawah anah.
3. Design / Geometri Peledakan :
Accurate drilling & tentukan burden untuk tembakan berikutnya.
S/B ratio > 1
Gunakan delay lebih panjang antara row dari pada antar lubang dalam 1
row.
Pastikan bahwa squence blasting benar.
Minimalkan jumlah lubang terbuka dengan delay period yang sama.
Arahkan Free Face menjahui dari titik perhatian.
Hindari Collar Priming
4. Schedule Peledakan :
Perhatikan Arah Angin
Hindari blasting selama periode yang menghasilkan inversi suhu
(pagi & senja).
Jadwal peledakan pada saat warga sekitar sedang sibuk.
X
Ground Vibration