Exchange
Biochemistry Department
Human Respiratory System
The Respiratory System
External Respiration
Internal Respiration –
Ventilation – – Gas exchange btwn
Transport of Gases – Gas exchange btwn
Movement of air into blood and air-filled
Accomplished by CV systemic blood and
& out of the lungs chambers of the
the tissue cells
lungs
The Respiratory System
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 18-1: Overview of oxygen and exchange and Transport CO2
Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures
Although the P is much greater for O2, since the solubility of CO2
is so much larger equal amts of gas will be exchanged.
In emphysema, walls of
The surface area of How will this affect lung
adjacent alveoli break
healthy lungs is surface area and gas
thru and the size of the
enormous. exchange?
alveolar chambers
O2 Transport
Molecular oxygen
in the blood is
Each Hb can bind 4
either dissolved in
molecules of O2
the plasma (1.5%)
and this binding is
or bound to
quite reversible.
hemoglobin w/i the
RBCs (98.5%).
Carbon monoxide
Hb containing has an extremely
bound O2 is high affinity for
oxyhemoglobin hemoglobin’s
and Hb w/o O2 is oxygen binding site
deoxyhemoglobin. • Why is this bad?
O2 Transport
O2 binding is “cooperative”
The binding of the 1st O2 molecule causes the Hb to change shape which
makes it easier for the 2nd O2 to bind. Binding of the 2nd O2 makes it
easier for the 3rd and binding of the 3rd makes it easier for the 4th.
O2 Transport
Carbon dioxide is
transported in the
blood in three forms
Bicarbonate ion in
Chemically bound to
Dissolved in plasma plasma – 70% is
hemoglobin – 20%
– 7 to 10% transported as
is carried in RBCs
bicarbonate (HCO3–)
CO2 Transport
CO2 made in tissue cells will dissolve into the RBC where
it combines with water to yield carbonic acid. Carbonic
acid then dissociates to yield bicarbonate and a
hydrogen ion.
CO2 Transport
Figure 22.22a
Transport and Exchange of Carbon Dioxide
Figure 22.22b