4.

1
Antiderivatives and
Indefinite Integration

Definition of Antiderivative: A function F is called an

antiderivative of the function f if for every x in the domain
of f
F’(x) = f(x) so, dy = f(x) dx
Integration is denoted by an integral sign .
y   f ( x)dx  F ( x)  C Constant of
Integration

Integrand Variable of F’(x) also = f(x)

Integration (first derivative)
 Basic Integration Formulas

 0dx  C
 kdx  kx  C
n 1
x
 dx  n  1  C
n
x

 cos xdx  sin x  C  sec x tan xdx  sec x  C

 sin xdx   cos x  C  csc xdx   cot x  C
2

 sec xdx  tan x  C

2
 csc x cot xdx   csc x  C
Integrate
3x 2
 3xdx 
2
C
2
1

1 x

3
dx  x dx  C   2 C
x3 2 2x

 x dx 
12 32 32
x 2x
 x dx   C  C
32 3
 2sin xdx  2 sin xdx  2( cos x)  C  2 cos x  C
 1dx  x  C
 x  2dx  x  2 x  C
2

2
 3x  5x  x dx  3x  5x  x  C
5 3 2
4 2

5 3 2
Rewriting before integrating

x 1 x 1
 x dx   x  x dx  
  x1 2  x 1 2 dx

2 x3 2
  2 x1 2  C
3
sin x  1 sin x 
 cos 2 x dx   cos x cos x dx   sec x tan x dx
 sec x  C


 1
Find the general solution of the equation F’(x) = 2 and
x
find the particular solution given the point F(1) = 0.

1
F ( x)   2 dx   x dx
2

x
x 1 1
 C   C
1 x
1
y   C Now plug in (1,0) and solve for C.
x
0 = -1 + C Final answer. 1
y   1
C=1 x