Introduction
Dr. B H SHEKAR
bhshekar@gmail.com
Why digital image processing?
Image is better than any other information form for human being t
o perceive.
However, vision is not intuitive for machines
Projection of 3D world to 2D images => loss of information
Interpretation of dynamic scenes, such as a moving camera and mo
ving objects
f(x,y)
y
IMAGE: A two dimensional light intensity function
Sampling Quantization
PROCESSING:
Analysis + Understanding
Two dimensional Image representation
Memory Requirement?
Image
Two-level approaches
Low level image processing:
▪ Very little knowledge about the content or semantics of
images
High level image understanding:
▪ Imitating human cognition and ability to infer informatio
n contained in the image.
Low level image processing
Pixel Value
Pixel Region
Spacing (Sy)
Spacing (Sx)
Low level image processing
Image compression
Noise reduction
Edge extraction
Contrast enhancement
Segmentation
Thresholding
Morphology
Image restoration
Low level image processing
Image compression
Noise reduction
Edge extraction
Contrast enhancement
Segmentation
Thresholding
Morphology
Image restoration
Low level image processing
Image compression
Noise reduction
Edge extraction
Contrast enhancement
Segmentation
Thresholding
Morphology
Image restoration
Low level image processing
Image compression
Noise reduction
Edge extraction
Contrast enhancement
Segmentation
Thresholding
Morphology
Image restoration
Low level image processing
Image compression
Noise reduction
Edge extraction
Contrast enhancement
Segmentation
Thresholding
Morphology
Image restoration
Low level image processing
Image compression
Noise reduction
Edge extraction
Contrast enhancement
Segmentation
Thresholding
Morphology
Image restoration
Low level image processing
Image compression
Noise reduction
Edge extraction
Contrast enhancement
Segmentation
Thresholding
Morphology
Image restoration
Dilation
Erosion
Low level image processing
Image compression
Noise reduction
Edge extraction
Contrast enhancement
Segmentation
Thresholding
Morphology
Image restoration
High level image understanding
Medicine
Defense
Meteorology
Environmental science
Manufacture
Surveillance
Crime investigation
Applications: Medicine
CT PET PET/CT
(computed (Positron Emission
Tomography) Tomography
Medical Diagnosis
Quality Assurance
Autonomous Machine Perception
A Robot
Region to be inspected
(Picture of a tunnel)
The vehicle approached the secured area, and starts the cycle
by stepping over a magnetic loop detector (which is the most
popular vehicle sensor). The loop detector senses the car and
its presence is signaled to the LPR unit.
Application: Surveillance
Fingerprint enhancement
Forensic Application
Thresholding
operation
Deciphered Image
Enhanced Image
Cheque validation
Image segmentation
Water marking application
Enhanced to a
color image
What are the difficulties?
Poor understanding of the human vision syst
em