• Things to Avoid –
– caffeine (> 2 cups of coffee/day)
– cigarette smoking
•(8% higher loss in bone density than non-smokers)
– alcohol use
– inactivity
Congenital Bone Disorders
• Abnormal Curvature of the Spine
Kyphosis Lordosis Scoliosis
Congenital Bone Disorders
• Cleft Palate
– a condition in which the two plates of the skull that form the
hard palate (roof of the mouth) are not completely joined
– Occurs in about 1 out of every 600 births
Congenital Bone Disorders
• Club Foot
– the most common congenital disorder of the lower
extremity; occurs in 1 out of 1000 births.
– one or both feet turn downward and inward.
– genetic and environmental factors in the development of
the fetus are the apparent causes.
surgically repaired
Congenital Bone Disorders
• Osteogenesis Imperfecta (“Brittle Bone Disease”)
– People with OI are born without the proper collagen, or the ability to
make it.
– People with OI either have less collagen than normal or the quality is
poorer than normal.
– this impairment causes those with the condition to have weak or fragile
bones.
– 8 types; differing levels of severity
– no cure; bone fractures are common.
Degenerative Bone Disorders
• Osteoporosis
– a decrease in bone density due to natural aging and
possibly unhealthy living
– Men lose less than 25% of their bone density with aging
Pituitary Dwarfism:
• results from inadequate pituitary gland
function
Bone Cancers
Osteosarcoma
osteo – bone sarcoma – connective tissue tumor
Septic Arthritis:
• arthritis caused by an infection of any microorganism
(bacterial, viral, or fungal) that has settled in the joints
•Examples:
Gonococcal Arthritis
• symptom of a gonorrhea infection (bacterial)
Rheumatic Fever
• inflammatory disease which may develop after a
streptococcal infection (such as strep throat or scarlet
fever) and can involve the heart, joints, skin, and brain
Joint Disorders
Inflammation:
Tendonitis
• inflammation of the tendons or the tendon-muscle
attachment
Bursitis
• inflammation of one or more bursae, or small sacs of
synovial fluid, in the body
For Both:
commonly caused by repetition of movement or
excessive pressure
elbows and knees are the most commonly affected
joints because they get the most repetitive use
Treatment includes rest of affected joint,
analgesics, pressure cuffs to relieve strain on joint,
and/or corticosteroid injection to reduce
inflammation.
Joint Disorders
Secondary Disorders:
Rheumatoid Arthritis:
• inflammatory autoimmune disorder that
causes the immune system to attack the
joints
• onset is uncommon under the age of 15
and from then on the incidence rises with
age until the age of 80
• the prevalence rate is 1%, with women
affected three to five times as often as
men
• it is 4 times more common in smokers than
non-smokers
Joint Disorders
Secondary Disorders:
Gout:
• a disease created by a buildup of uric acid
which deposits on the articular cartilage of
joints, tendons and surrounding tissues
- this provokes an inflammatory reaction
• Extremely painful