Lipoprotein plasma
Generalized structure of a plasma lipoprotein
Cholesteryl ester
and triacylglycerol
are found in the core
and free cholesterol
in the surface layer .
Four Major Groups of Plasma Lipoproteins
Have Been Identified
1. Chylomicrons , derived from intestinal absorption of
triacylglycerol and other lipids;
2. Very low density lipoproteins (VLDL, or pre-β-lipoproteins),
derived from the liver for the export of triacylglycerol;
3. Low-density lipoproteins (LDL, or β-lipoproteins), representing a
final stage in the catabolism of VLDL;
4. High-density lipoproteins (HDL, or α-lipoproteins), involved in
1. Cholesterol transport from tissues to Liver
2. VLDL and chylomicron metabolism (apoprotein exchange).
Triacylglycerol is the predominant lipid in chylomicrons and VLDL,
Cholesterol and phospholipid are the predominant lipids in
LDL and HDL, respectively.
Lipoproteins are
classified by density and
size, which are inversely
related.
2. IDL, intermediate-
density lipoprotein;
3. LDL, low-density
lipoprotein;
4. HDL, high-density
lipoprotein.
The exogenous and endogenous lipoprotein
metabolic pathways
The endogenous
pathway transports
hepatic lipids to the
periphery.
The functions of apo A-IV and apo D, however, are not yet clearly defined, although apo D is
believed to be an important factor in human neurodegenerative disorders.
LIPIDs of LIPOPROTEIN
Four Major Lipid Classes Are Present in Lipoproteins
The free fatty acids (FFA), is metabolically the most active of the
plasma lipids.
METABOLISME LIPOPROTEIN PLASMA
TRIACYLGLYCEROL IS TRANSPORTED
– FROM THE INTESTINES IN CHYLOMICRONS &
– FROM THE LIVER IN VERY LOW DENSITY
LIPOPROTEINS
TRIACYLGLYCEROL IS TRANSPORTED FROM THE
INTESTINES IN CHYLOMICRONS
VLDL; most VLDL in the plasma are of hepatic origin. They are the vehicles of
transport of triacylglycerol from the liver to the extrahepatic tissues.
but is involved in :
a. chylomicron remnant metabolism
b. HDL metabolism.
Hepatic lipase has a dual role
IDL may be
taken up by the liver directly via the LDL (apo B-100, E)
receptor,
be converted to LDL.
Role of Hepatic Lipase and Lipoprotein Lipase in HDL
metabolism
Reseptor lipoprotein pada sel
hepar
1. Reseptor LDL
2. LRP ; reseptor thd sisa khilomikron
3. Reseptor HDL
4. Reseptor IDL
VLDL, IDL & LDL
It is specific for apo B-100 but not B-48, (Apo B-48 lacks the
carboxyl terminal domain of B-100 containing the LDL receptor ligand),
It also takes up lipoproteins rich in apo E.
Free cholesterol
• is acquired from macrophages and other peripheral
cells
• esterified by LCAT, forming mature HDLs.
leading to hypertriacylglycerolemia.
Hypercholesterolemia
Most other pathologic conditions affecting lipid transport are
due primarily to inherited defects, some of which cause
hypercholesterolemia and premature atherosclerosis.