METRO : AUTO STOP+AUTO

REVERSE+STATION NAME
DISPLAY+DOOR OPENER

Submitted By:

Shravan
Vanshul Goyal
Adrash
 KEY FEATURES
• Auto stop the train at the station.
• Sensor base stoppage.
• Anti collision .
• LCD display to show the station name.
• Automatic door opening.
• Auto reverse automatically.
• Once you press the start switch train complete
one cycle.
 COMPONENTS USED
•MICROCONTROLLER 89S51
•OPERATION VOLTAGE= TWO 9 VOLT BATTERY OR 9
VOLT DC SUPPLY.
•LCD DISPLAY = TO DISPLAY ALL THE STATION NAME
•LM 339 = QUAD OP-AMP (control the sensitivity of sensor’s)
•INFRA RED + PHOTODIODE PAIR( for auto stop, auto
reverse, logic)
•Total four pair of infra red and photodiode.
•DC MOTOR
•L293D IC
 CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR CIRCUIT
•In this project we use 12 MHz crystal with the controller to
provide a external clock to the microcontroller.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 8051 Microcontroller
•In this project 8051 microcontroller is used as CPU.
•It operates on 5V dc which is supplied to it using IC805
•It is given clock using 12 Mhz oscillator.
•8051’s signals are not strong enough to drive a motor
so it is interfaced with a LM293D to drive the motor.
•It is interfaced with LCD to show the station names and
also the status of doors.
•It receives input signals from photodiodes once the
circuit is turned on.
 Motor Driver L293D

•L293D is a dual H-bridge motor driver integrated

circuit (IC).
Motor drivers act as current amplifiers since they take a
low-current control signal and provide a higher-current
signal.
•This higher current signal is used to drive the motors.
•L293D contains two inbuilt H-bridge driver circuits. In
its common mode of operation, two DC motors can be
driven simultaneously, both in forward and reverse
direction.
 LCD MODULE
In our project we are using 2 line and 16 digit LCD
display. This LCD has 16 pins. It is connected as a
parallel port to the microcontroller. Here we are using 14
pins two pins are not being used. Out of these 14 pins, 8
pins are used for data lines to communicate with the
microcontroller. These 8 pins are connected to the port
2.0 to port 2.7 of the microcontroller. When the message
is to be displayed by the microcontroller it is transferred
through these data pins.
 IR LED AND PHOTODIODE
An IR LED, also known as IR transmitter, is a special
purpose LED that transmits infrared rays in the range
of 760 nm wavelength.
A photodiode is a type of photodetector capable of
converting light into either current or voltage,
depending upon the mode of operation.
Photodiodes are similar to regular semiconductor
diodes except that they may be either exposed (to
detect vacuum UV or X-rays) or packaged with a
window or optical fiber connection to allow light to
reach the sensitive part of the device.
 Project Working
The proposed system employs an 8051 family microcontroller and for the
power source, a battery is used. Four infrared sensors are connected to the
microcontroller, in which two IR sensors are used to show two stations and the
other two sensors are used to control the train door. Three motors are
interfaced with the 8051 family microcontroller through an L293D (motor-
driver IC) wherein two motors are employed to control the train movement
and the other one is used for controlling the door. A LCD is interfaced to the
microcontroller to display the number count.
Whenever the metro train reaches the station it stops automatically activated
by the sensors. Then, the train door opens routinely, such that the travelers can
get in the train. After that, the door closes after a set time as per the
microcontroller program. It also counts the number of passengers departure
and incoming the train by sensing the IR break of the sensors and displays that
on the LCD.
 ECONOMIC BENEFITS

• Time saving for commuters

• Reliable and safe journey
• Reduction in accident
• Reduced fuel consumption
• Reduced vehicle operating costs
• Improvement in the quality of life
• More attractive city for economic investment and
growth
 The Future of Metro Rail Cars

This Project is useful in developing countries & this

project has a bright future as it is being used in
countries like Germany, France & Japan. This project
helps us to control train without a driver and the
stations are shown on the LCD so the passenger
doesn’t have any type of difficulty. This project will
lead to increase in technological trends & this will help
the people in many ways.
THANK YOU !!