Immune-Related Disorders
CHAPTER 14
Psychoneuroimmunology & HIV/AIDS
Psychoneuroimmunology
HIV/AIDS
The Immune System
(def.) body’s defense against infection (i.e., invasion of microbes and their
growth in the body) and illness
Course of Infection
Immunity
Lymphatic System
Psychoneuroimmunology
HIV/AIDS
Psychoneuroimmunology
Stress
Negative affect, such as depression
Poor sleep
Loneliness and chronic interpersonal stress (ex., marital disruption and
conflict; caregiving)
Psychoneuroimmunology
Psychoneuroimmunology
HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS Basics
Basic Terms
HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus
AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
Basic Facts
HIV is a retrovirus attacks the helper T cells and macrophages of the immune
system
Progress to AIDS when T cell count is 200/microliter blood (healthy individuals
have between 600 to 1,200/microliter blood)
Variable time between contracting HIV to AIDS
HIV/AIDS Progression
HIV/AIDS Progression
As T cell levels decrease later in stage 2, people with HIV may begin to show
increased symptoms
Currently, an estimated 36.9 million people worldwide are living with HIV/AIDS
Approximately 1.2 million people in the US are living with HIV, about 13% of whom
are unaware of their infection
First diagnosed case in the US in 1981
HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS in the US
HIV/AIDS in the US (CDC, 2017)
Among people
aged 13-24 who
were living with HIV,
an estimated 44%
didn’t know
HIV/AIDS in the US (CDC, 2016)
HIV/AIDS in the US
HIV/AIDS in the US
HIV/AIDS
Benefits of disclosure
More social support
Higher self-esteem and self-efficacy
Higher T cell count than non-disclosers
HIV/AIDS: Prevention & Management
Prevention
Goals Increase testing, reduce high risk sexual behavior, and reduce
sharing of needles
Management Goals
Education
Cognitive Behavioral Techniques focused on:
Stress management and active coping skills training
Improving general health behaviors
Increasing adherence to HAART
Reducing risky sexual and drug use behaviors
Addressing depression, psychological distress, psychological inhibition, and
negative beliefs/expectations about the future
Improving social support
HIV/AIDS:
Prevention &
Management
An Information-
Motivation-
Behavioral Skills
Model of Adherence
to Antiretroviral
Therapy
(Fisher, Fisher, Amico
& Harman, 2006)
Psychoneuroimmunology & HIV/AIDS
Psychoneuroimmunology
HIV/AIDS
Cancer & Arthritis
Cancer
The Basics
Risk Factors
Prevention & Management
Arthritis
Cancer
Cancer
The Basics
Risk Factors
Prevention & Management
Arthritis
Arthritis
(def.) more than 100 diseases that attack the joints or other connective
tissues
The most prevalent autoimmune disease, and one of the most common
causes of disability
53 million people in the US are afflicted with arthritis severe enough to require
medical care (CDC, 2015)
Two of the most debilitating forms of arthritis are rheumatoid arthritis (RA) &
osteoarthritis
Arthritis
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis
Cancer
The Basics
Risk Factors
Prevention & Management
Arthritis
Definitions and Prevalence
Managment