Group 4

Corazon Aquino (1986-1992)


 The 11th President of the
Philippines.
 The 1st female President of the
Philippines and in any country
in Asia.
 The Mother of Asian
Democracy.
 Known for leading the People
Power Revolution.
 “Woman of the Year” in 1986
by Time Magazine.
 
“I would rather die a
meaningful death than to
live a meaningless life. “
--Corazon Aquino
 Fidel ramos (1992-1998)

 The 12th President of the
Philippines.
 The 8th President of Postwar
Philippine Republic.
 Known as a Hero of the 1986
People Power Revolution.
 The chief-of-staff of the Armed
Forces of the Philippines before
he became President.
 He received the lowest plurality
for any elected president of the
Philippines, winning less than
25% of the entire vote in 1992.
 Table of Contents

 II. BIOGRAPHY
 III. INFO ABOUT ADMINISTRATION
 IV. LAWS, POLICIES AND PROGRAMS
a. AQUINO
b. RAMOS
 V. ISSUES FACED BY ADMINISTRATION
 VI. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
 Biography
 CORAZON AQUINO

 Name: Maria Corazon Sumulong Cojuangco-
Aquino (Cory Aquino)
 Birthday: January 25,1933
 Birthplace: Paniqui, Tarlac
 Died at age: 76 Died on: August 1,2009
 Place of Death: Makati, Manila
 Father: Jose Cojuangco
 Mother: Demetria Sumulong
 Spouse: Benigno Aquino Jr.
 Famous as: 11th Former President of the
Philippines
 Personality: She is a healer and capable of
giving comfort to those in need. She holds
great compassion and seeks to be of service to
others. Patient as she is towards her goals.
 
 FIDEL RAMOS
 Name: Fidel Valdez Ramos
 Birthday: March 18,1928
 Birthplace: Lingayen, Pangasinan
 Father: Narciso Ramos
 Mother: Angela Valdez
 Spouse: Amelita Ramos
 Famous as: 12th Former President of the
Philippines
 Personality: He loves to travel, adventure,
meeting new people, and he longs to
experience all of life. He is multi-talented
and possesses a variety of diverse abilities.
Discipline and focus are the key to his
success.
 III. INFO ABOUT
ADMINISTRATION

 Corazon Aquino
 Fidel V. Ramos

 
 A housewife catapulted into the presidency by the first
EDSA People Power Revolution, the first President
Aquino had a nurturing leadership style combined with
an effort to promote integrity in public service. It is also
argued that resilience is part of President Cory’s
leadership qualities. She survived seven coup attempts
to overthrow her from power. Not bad at all for an
individual who was once labeled as an “ordinary
housewife!” The abolition of martial law also meant
bringing back several freedoms that were not present
during Martial Law – a leadership style that empowers
versus controls.
 
 President Cory was also responsible for empowering
women. Did you know that before 1987, a married
woman needed her husband’s consent before she could
open her own bank account? With a stroke of a pen,
Aquino drastically changed the civil code. Hence,
women were no longer second class citizens. Many
have observed that up to her death in 2009, she
exemplified humility, reminiscent of what is now
known as “Level 5” Leadership, which emphasizes
humility as a vital ingredient for successful leadership
BACK
 
 Fidel Ramos received the lowest plurality for any
elected president of the Philippines, winning less than
25% of the entire vote in 1992. Despite this, he has
produced many results that he set to undertake, much
of which are related to economic reform and
liberalization. Despite the low plurality, FVR’s
strength was his ability to collaborate across party
lines and build a strong coalition of different political
parties. Ramos was also able to rally the nation under
his vision of Philippines 2000, his goal of making the
Philippines a newly-industrialized country by the end
of the 20th century.
IV. LAWS, POLICIES AND
PROGRAMS

 a. AQUINO
 b. RAMOS
 Corazon Aquino

 Addressing corruption and instituting good
governance reforms were seen as the Aquino
administration’s most crucial achievements during
the past five years that could provide a “firmer
foundation” for the next Cabinet, the local and
foreign business community.
 Constitution as well as in gaining a more significant
headway in the public-private partnership program
(PPP), touted as the centerpiece of the
administration’s infrastructure program.
 
 The economic reform agenda, he added, has also led
to successive credit-rating upgrades and
improvements in various global competitiveness
rankings for the country. These gains will now allow
the next administration to have much firmer
foundations to build on.
 President Benigno Aquino III has signed into law
institutionalizing the Financial Inclusion Steering
Committee (FISC), the governing body to implement
the government's National Strategy for Financial
Inclusion (NSFI).
 
 President Benigno S. Aquino III signed Executive Order
No. 43, s. 2011, thematically organizing the Cabinet into
smaller groups called as the Cabinet Clusters. The Cabinet
Clusters—composed of Good Governance and Anti-
corruption; Human Development and Poverty Reduction;
Economic Development; Security, Justice, and Peace; and
Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation—serve as the
primary mechanism of the Executive Branch for directing
all efforts towards the realization of the Social Contract
with the Filipino People and its five key result areas.

BACK
 Fidel V. Ramos


 Republic Act 7638 (Charter of the Department of Energy)
This act was signed and implemented so that the
department of energy would be created.
 Republic Act 7648 (Electric Power Crisis)
This act prescribes the measures that are necessary and
proper to effectively address the electric power crisis in
our country.
 Republic Act 7832
(Anti-electricity and Electric Transmission
Lines/Materials Pilferage Act) This act penalizes theft
and pilferage of electric lines and materials.
 Republic Act 8179

This act further allows foreign investments. It supports
Republic Act 7042, which promotes foreign investments and
prescribes the procedures and actions foreign investors have to
do when registering for a business in the Philippines.
 Deregulation and Privatization of Major Industries
To promote competition and to transfer ownership from public
to private in the utility industry
 Agrarian Reform Program
The Ramos administration speeded the implementation of
the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) of
former President Corazon Aquino in order to meet the ten-year
time frame.
 
 Restatement of the Death Penalty
In 1996 Ramos signed a bill that returned capital punishment
with the electric chair , "until the gas chamber could be
installed". However, no one was electrocuted nor gassed,
because the previously-used chair was destroyed earlier and
the Philippines adopted the lethal injection.
 Protection of Migrant Workers
Ramos facilitated the enactment of Republic Act 8042 which is
also known as the Migrant Workers Act. This act protects
Filipino workers abroad.
 Social Reform Agenda
Institutionalized through R.A. 8425 , is a Strategy to Fight
Poverty in the country
 
 Peace agreement with MNLF
Between Ramos and Nur Misuari
 R.A. 7192
The women in nation building law
 R.A. 7432
Grants special privileges to senior citizens
 R.A. 8353
The anti-rape law of 1997
 R.A. 8369
Family courts act of 1997
 
 Philippines 2000

 Peace and Stability

 Economic Growth and Development
 Energy and Power Generation
 Environmental Protection
 Streamlined Bureaucracy
V. ISSUES FACED BY ADMINISTRATION

Cory Aquino
&
Fidel Ramos
 CORY AQUINO

One of the biggest urban legends of recent times in
the Philippine’s. is the story that the Cory
Aquino Administration was supposedly the
“cleanest” among the Administration in the last
three decades. Thanks to Nostalgia, and the fact
that her Administration was at the dawn of the
internet age, much of the negativities of that
Administration has been largely forgotten, and
people tend to remember only the “ good”
things about that Administration.
Here are some that we have manage to dig out:
 Philippine air lines stocks to nephews


• Cory approved in January 1992 the sale of 67% of the
stocks of the Philippine Air Lines (PAL) to a
investment group headed by her relatives, composed
of one of her Tanjuatco nephews and three of her
Cojuangco nephews. The Philippine government,
through the Government Service System (GSIS),
owned the shares. And worse, her nephews did not
even have the money to pay the airline stocks. They
borrowed the money that they used to pay the GSIS
from three Philippines government-owned banks,
even using the PAL stocks as collateral.
Philippine air lines building scandal

• “The PAL Scandal”, where Cory authorized in 1992
the sale of the PAL Building in San Francisco,
California. It resulted, according t the column of the
late journalist Louie Beltran, into 6-million loss to the
national airline. Cory did not charge Mr. Beltran
with libel case against Mr. Beltran wrote that Mrs.
Aquino “hid under her bed during a coup d'état
attempt at the presidential palace in Manila”
Bargain sale of companies to lopa

• The assets of the Marcoses, the Romualdezes and
their cronies were supposed to have been
sequestered by the new Aquino administration, but
Kokoy Romualdez’s (Ferdinand Marcos Sr.’s brother
in law) 38 companies, which were worth billions of
pesos, were not turned over to the Presidential
Commission on Good Government. Cory instead
during her first months in office, permitted the
transfer of these 38 companies to her own brother-in-
law, Ricardo “Baby” Lop. What’s worst, was the fact
that all 38 companies were bought back by Lopa
during the transfer for the price of only USD 227,000.
Philippine long distance company to
nephews

• The same case happened with the ownership of the
Philippine Long Distance Company. Instead of
sequestering the company for the Philippine government
( as it was then controlled by the Marcos cronies), she
returned the billion-dollar company to her Cojuangco
nephews. She claimed that her nephews were illegally
eased out by Mr. Marcos. The truth was that the Marcos
cronies, whether their money were ill-gotten or not, paid
the Cojuangcos the prevailing market-stock prices during
the sale of equity that happened between them at the time
when Marcos was still president.
 Re-negotiation of marcos’ Japanese
loans

• Cory approved the re-negotiation of the loans that
Ferdinand Marcos Jr. obtained from Japan. The
administration of Mrs. Aquino agreed that the loans
would be paid in Japanese yen, rather than in U.S
currency that former Marcos negotiated. This simple
change in currency resulted in a USD 5-billion
increase in the load principal.
Refusal to give hacienda luisita to
farmers

• Cory publicly promised in 1986 that Hacienda
Luisita will be distributed to the farmers. However,
in 1987, she issued Presidential Proclamation 131 and
Executive Order No. 229 just days before her
legislative powers were going to revert back to
Congress, to include a provision in the Land Reform
program for a “Stock Distribution Option”, which
allows landowners to comply with the Land Reform
Law without actually giving land to the farmers.
Hacienda luisita of course took this new option, and
thus not redistributed to the farmers.
 Double cross of Doy laurel

 Cory had promised to Doy Laurel that she would let
him run the government as Prime Minister after
Marcos was ousted, as Cory had no experience in
politics. However, in March 1986 she issued
Presidential Proclamation No. 3 declaring a
revolutionary government, and dissolving the 1973
Constitution. This nullified Laurel’s position as
Prime Minister as the Parliament was abolished. This
prompted Laurel to break ties with the Aquino
regime later.
 Garchitorena Land scam

• In 1988, a foreclosed property of the United Coconut
Planters bank (UCPB) was sold to Sharp
International Marketing for P3.8 million. Before the
sale was closed, Sharp tried to sell the same property
to the government for P56 million. The sale was
eventually approved by the Department of Agrarian
Reform (DAR), but only after the price was inflated
further to P65 million. The financer of the scam was
Romeo Santos, an associate of Cory’s brother, Peping
Cojuangco. He was also Cory’s campaign manager in
Bicol.
 Fidel Ramos

• PEA-AMARI Scam Manila Bay Reclamation deal
FVR Was accused of Corruption. This deal involved
acquiring 158 hectares of reclaimed land on Manila Bay
and it was supposedly going to be converted to what is
called as “Freedom Islands”. The government was
accused of corruption because they were said to favor
Amari Costal Bay Resources and Filinvest Development
by selling them a bigger portion for their own intentions.
Ramos was accused that the deal was clinched to benefit
the members of Lakas=NUCD, which was Ramos’
group.
 Centennial Expo and Conversion of
Military Base in Fort Bonifacio for Private
Development

• Centennial Expo and Conversion of Military Base in Fort
Bonifacio for Private Development
The Centennial Expo was supposedly one of his
notable contributions to the Philippines and the people.
The government was charged of alleged corruption and
the misuse of funds. The Projects relating to the Expo site
were said to be extravagant and showed the inefficiency
of the administration. They said it was a convenient
vehicle to effect election fund raising for the Lakas
Political Party of Ramos. The issue there was that there
was a budget set for the entire project. However, not all
the projects were completed budget was spent.
VI. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

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Activity/ Quiz