山东大学医学院 解剖教研室
李振华
Anterior wall
Layers ( from superficial to
deep)
Skin
Superficial fascia
Anterolateral muscles
Transversalis fascia 腹
横筋膜
Extraperitoneal fascia
腹膜下筋膜
Parietal peritoneum
壁腹膜
Superficial fascia-
divisions below
umbilicus
Superficial fatty layer
(Camper’s)
Membranous layer
(Scarpa’s)
Muscles of abdomen
Anterolateral group
Obliquus externus
absominis 腹外斜肌
Oblequus enternus
abdominis腹内斜肌
Transversus
abdominis腹横肌
Rectus abdominis 腹
直肌
Posterior group
Quadiatus lumborum 腰
方肌
Psoas major 腰大肌
Obliquus externus absominis 腹外斜肌
Deep to obliquus
externus abdominis
General direction of
fibres: upwards,
forwards and medially
Transversels abdominis 腹横肌
Deep to obliquus
internus
Inguinal falx 腹股沟镰:
arch over spermatic
cord, inserted with
transverses abdominis
fiber into medial part of
pecten of pubis
Cremaster 提睾肌:
around the spermatic
cord and testis
Rectus abdominis 腹直肌
Position: lie on to either of
midline
Origin: pubic crest and
symphysis
Insertion: xiphoid and 5th-7th
costal cartilages
Has 3-4 tendinous
intersections 腱划
linea semiluaris 半月线
Similar functions for above four pairs of muscles
Boundaries
Inguinal ligament
Lateral margin of
rectus abdominis
A horizontal line
stretching from
anterior iliac spine to
laeral margin of
rectus abdominis
Descent of testes
Boundaries
Inguinal ligament
inferiorly
Lateral border of
rectus abdominis
medially
Inferior epigastric
artery laterally
Indirect inguinal heinia and direcet inguinal heinia
Superficial vessels and cutaneous nerves
Arteries
Superficial epigastric a.
Superficial iliac circumflex a.
Veins
Thoracoepigastric v.
Superficial epigastric v.
Cutaneous nerves
Anterior and lateral
cutaneous n. of lower six
thoracic
Iliohypogastric n. (first lumb
nerves)
Deep vessels and nerves
Arteres
Superior and inferior epigastric arteris
Lower posterior intercostal a.
Subcostal a.
Four lumbar a.
Nerves
Iliohypogastric n. 髂腹下神经
Arises from lubar plexus
Passes forward in the interval
between obliquus internus and
tranversus abdominis
Pieces obliquus internus
abdominis 2.5 cm medial to
anterior superior iliac spine
Pieces aponeurosis of obliquus
externus abdominisabout 2.5
cm above superficial inguinal
ring
Ilioinguinal n. 髂腹股沟神经
Runs parallel with
iliohypogastric n. at a lower
level
Enters inguinal canal and
emerges through superficial
inguinal ring
Genitofemoral n. 生殖股神经
Layer ?
Transverse incision
Suprapubic incision
Abdomen 2
山东大学医学院 解剖教研室
李振华
Abdominal aorta 腹主动脉
Continuation of
thoracic aorta at aortic
hiatus of diaphragm in
front of T12
Terminates at lower
border of L4 vertebra
by dividing into right
and left common iliac
arteries
Parietal branches
Inferior phrenic a. 膈
下动脉(one pair)
Lumbar a. 腰动脉(four
pairs of arteries that
supply the posterior
abdominal wall)
Median sacral a. 骶
正中动脉
Visceral branches
Paired branches
Middle suprarenal
artery 肾上腺中动脉
Renal artery 肾动脉
Testicular (ovarian)
artery 睾丸(卵巢)动脉
Unpaired branches
Celiac trunk 腹腔干
-a short thick vessel that
arises from the front of
aorta, at the level of T12
Superior mesenteric a.
肠系膜上动脉-arises from
the front of aorta, at the
level of L2
Inferior mesenteric a. 肠
系膜下动脉 -arises from
the front of aorta, at level
of L3
Celiac trunk
Left branch Left gastric a.
Proper hepatic a.
Gastroduodenal a.
Splemic branches
Left gastrioeploic a.
Right gastroepiploic a.
Superior pancreaticoduodenal a.
Celiac trunk
Middle colic a. Superior
Mesenteric v.
Inf. pancresticodudenal a.
Superior
mesenteric a.
Right colic a.
Appendicular a.
Inferior mesenteric v.
Inferior mesenteric a.
Left colic a.
Sigmoid a.
Superior rectal a.
Colic marginal artery
Relations of abdominal aorta
Anteriorly (from above
downward)
Pancreas
Ascending part of
duodenum
Radix of mesentery
Posteriorly
Upper four lumber
vertebrae
On its right
Inferior vena cava
On its left
Left sympathetic trunk
Veins of abdomen and pelvis
Lymphatic drainage of
abdominal wall
To axillary lymph node from
region above umbilicus
To superficial inguinal lymph
node from region below
umbilicus
To lumbar lymph node from
post wall of abdomen
Lymphatic drainage of
abdominal viscera
Lumbar lymph nodes
腰淋巴结
Lie on posterior abdominal
wall, along the abdominal
aorta and inferior vena cava
Receive lymph from kidneys,
suprarenal glands, testes,
ovarirs, fundus of uterus,
ovary, and common iliac
nodes
Right and left lumbar trunks
formed by efferent vessel
Paired viscera-drain to the
lumbar lymph nodes
Celiac lymph nodes
腹腔淋巴结
-situated around the celiac
trunk
Superior mesenteric lymph
node 肠系膜上淋巴结
-situated around superior
mesenteric a.
Inferior mesenteric lymph
node 肠系膜下淋巴结
-situated around inferior
mesenteric a.
Intestinal trunk 腹腔干
-formed by efferent vessel of
celiac, superior and inferior
lymph nodes
Thoracic duct 胸导管
Begins in front of L1 as a dilated sac, the
cisterna chyli, which formed by joining of left
and right lumbar trunks and intestinal trunk
Enter thoracic cavity by passing through the
aortic hiatus of the diaphragm and ascends
along on the front of the vertebral column,
between thoracic aorta and azygos vein
Travels upward, veering to the left at the
level of T5
At the roof of the neck, it turns laterally and
arches forwards and descends to enter the
left venous angle
Just before termination, it receives the left
jugular, subclavian and bronchomediastinal
trunks
Drains lymph from lower limbs, pelvic cavity,
abdominal cavity, left side of thorax, and left
side of the head, neck and left upper limb
Spleen 脾
Location: lies in the left
hypochondriac region
(between stomach and
diaphragm) deep to the
9th to 11th rib, its long
axis corresponds
roughly to the 10th rib
Shape-reddish in colour
Two surfaces
Diaphragmatic: smooth, convex
Visceral: concave, hilum of spleen
Two extremities
Anterior-wider
Posterior-rounder
Two border
Superior-has 2-3 splenic notch 脾切迹,
which serve as a landmark on palpation
when it is enlarge; normally it is not palpable
Inferior-rounder
Functions: the spleen is considered to be
important in:
Formation of lymphocytes and monocyte
Phagocytosis of bacteria, inert particles and
white blood cells and platelets
Destroying effete or abnormal red blood cells
Making antibodies
Ralationships of spleen
Diaphragmatic
surface-diaphragm
Visceral surface
Anteriorly-fundus of
stomach
Posteriorly-left suprarenal
gland and kidney
Inferiorly-tail of pancreas
and left colic flexure
Nervers of abdomen
Lumbar plexus 腰丛
Formation: formed by
anterior rami of L1-L3,
a part of anterior rami
of T12and L4
Position: lies within
substance of psoas
major
Branches
Iliohypogastric n. 髂腹下神经
Supplies lower part of
anterior abdominal wall
Ilioinguinal n. 髂腹股沟神经
Passes through inguinal
canal to supply skin of the
groin and scrotum
Lateral femoral cutaneous
股外侧皮神经
Femoral n. 股神经
Obturator n. 闭孔神经
Genitofemoral n. 生殖股神经
Lumbar sympathetic trunk 腰交感干
Made up of paired chains
with four to five lumbar
ganglia anterolateral to
vertebral column
Enters abdomen via the
diaphragm and as a
continuation of he thoracic
part
Passes inferiorly behind
common iliac vessels and
terminations by joining to
form unpaired ganglion
impar, anterior to sacrum
Abdomen 3
山东大学医学院 解剖教研室
李振华
Relationships of abdominal viscera
Head of pancreas
Inferiorly
Supraduodenal segment
Descends along the right
margin of hepatoduodenal lig.
To the right of proper hepatic a.
Retroduodenal segment
Behind the superior part of
duodenum
Anterior to the vena cava
Head of pancreas
Located in C-shapes curvature
of doudenum
Anteriorly
Transverse mesocolon
Posteriorly
Inferior vena cava
Right renal vessels
Common bile duct
Neck of pancreas
Anteriorly-pylorus
Posteriorly-commencement pf
hepatic portal v. (formed by union of
splenic and superior mesenteric
veins
Body of pancreas
Anteriorly
Separated from stomach by
omental bursa
Posteriorly
Abdominal aorta
Left suprarenal gland
Left kidney
Left renal vessels
Spleen vein
Superiorly
Celiac trunk
Celiac plexus
Splenic a.
Tail of pancreeas
Runs in spleicorenal
ligament to reach hilum
of spleen
Accompanies with
splenic vessels
Relationships of spleen
Diaphragmatic surface
-diaphragm
Visceral surface
Anteriorly-fundus of
stomach
Posteriorly-left
suprarenal gland and
kidney
Inferiorly-tail of
pancreas and left colic
flexure
Celiac trunk
Left branch Left gastric a.
Proper hepatic a.
Gastroduodenal a.
Splemic branches
Left gastrioeploic a.
Right gastroepiploic a.
Superior pancreaticoduodenal a.
Middle colic a. Superior
Mesenteric v.
Inf. pancresticodudenal a.
Superior
mesenteric a.
Right colic a.
Appendicular a.
Inferior mesenteric v.
Inferior mesenteric a.
Left colic a.
Sigmoid a.
Superior rectal a.