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ISDR, 2006 (AB)
Coppola P. Damon. Introduction to International Disaster Management. 2nd Edition.
Elsevier. 2011 (DC)
Carter, W. Nick. Disaster Management:. A Disaster manager's Handbook. Manila: ADB 1991
(NC).
Canton, Lucien G. Emergency Management. Concept and Strategies for Effective
Programs. John Willey & Sons Inc. Hoboken, New Jersey, 2007 (LC).
FEMA. Principle of Emergency Management. Independent Study IS 230. March 2003
(FEMA)
Goel, S.L. Encyclopaedia of Disaster Management. Vol.1 Disaster Management Policy and
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Jurnal:
Disaster Prevention and Management - An International Journal. ISSN 0965-3562
Disasters: The Journal of Disaster Studies - Policy and Management. ISSN 0361-3666
Definisi Bencana
UN-ISDR (2000)
Suatu gangguan serius thd keberfungsian masyarakat, sehingga
menyebabkan kerugian yang meluas pd kehidupan manusia dari
segi materi, ekonomi atau lingkungan, dan gangguan itu melampaui
kemampuan masyarakat ybs utk mengatasi dgn menggunakan
sumberdaya mereka sendiri.
Emergency
an unforseen occurrence; a sudden and urgent occasion
for action
Disaster
any unfortunate event, especially a sudden or great
misfortune
Catastrophe
a sudden and widespread disaster, a sudden violent
disturbance, especially of earth’s surface.
Calamity
Grievous affliction; adversity; misery; a great misfortune; a
disaster
Klasifikasi Bencana
Berdasar jenisnya:
Alam
Non alam / ulah manusia
Berdasar terjadinya:
Perlahan (slow onset)
Mendadak (sudden onset)
Berdasar aspek penyebabnya:
Geologi
Hidrometeorologi
Biologi
Teknologi
Lingkungan
Jenis Bencana
Gempabumi
Letusan gunungapi
Tsunami
Gerakan Tanah
Angin siklon
Banjir
Kebakaran hutan dan lahan
Kekeringan
Epidemi
Kecelakaan transportasi
Kecelakaan industri
Kerusuhan sosial
Dampak Bencana
Korban meninggal dunia
Korban luka
Kerusakan properti, harta benda
Kerusakan lahan, hewan dan tanaman
Hilangnya produksi
Hilangnya penghidupan / mata pencaharian
Hilangnya pelayanan publik
Kerusakan prasarana dan infrastruktur
Kerugian ekonomi
Dampak sosial dan psikososial
Faktor Sebab & Akibat Bencana
Kemiskinan
Pertambahan Penduduk
Urbanisasi yg Cepat
Perubahan Budaya
Degradasi Lingkungan
Kurangnya Kesadaran dan Informasi
Perang dan Kerusuhan Sosial
Pengertian/Terminologi Bencana
Bahaya (hazard)
Tampakan (exposure)
Kerentanan (vulnerability)
Kemampuan (capacity)
Risiko (risk)
Pemicu (trigger)
Bencana (disaster)
Terjadinya Bencana
Pemicu
Bahaya
RISIKO
BENCANA
BENCANA
Kerentanan
Bencana dan Pembangunan
Bencana - Negatif
Program Pembangunan yg
menimbulkan kerentanan baru bagi
masyarakat
Contoh:
Ekspoitasi hutan yg dapat menimbulkan
banjir dan longsor
Pembukaan lahan yg mengurangi daya
resap air tanah
Pembangunan - Positif
Program-program pembangunan yg
dirancang untuk mengurangi kerentanan
terhadap bencana
Contoh:
Pembangunan rumah/bangunan yg sudah
memenuhi aturan tataruang dan building
code nya
Pembuatan jalan yg berfungsi sbg rute
evakuasi
Pembangunan gedung yg berfungsi sbg
shelter
Disaster Myths
Myths about disaster are widespread
and persistent, despite experience to
contrary and the findings of social
science research.
They are often reinforced in the public
mind by media coverage.
Disaster myths are a significant
problem, because they influence the
way operational agencies think and act.
Disaster Myths (1)
Disaster are acts of God (which means
that nothing can be done about them) or
acts of nature (which means that the
problem can be resolved by scientific or
technical intervention alone)
Distress Acceptance
Sadness Ability to make new
plans
Vulnerability
Loss of Sleep Anniversary
Change of Habit Odd reminder of
loss
Alienation
Idealisation (how
Isolation
good it was before)
Withdrawal
Remorse Anger
Ïf only..... Hostility
Guilt Resentment
Difficulty Planning
Panic
Making Decision
Ringkasan
Bencana dipicu oleh bahaya alam, yg
merupakan ancaman terbesar thd
kehidupan dan pembangunan yg
berkelanjutan
Bencana dan Pembangunan dapat
menimbulkan dampak yg positif dan
negatif.
Banyak mitos yg persisten tentang
bencana, yg harus dihilangkan