The antigen receptors on the surface of B and T cells

B cells have about 100,000 molecules of a

single antibody receptor per cell, which
has specificity for one antigen epitope.

T cells bearing the surface membrane

protein CD4 always recognize peptides
bound to MHC class II proteins and
function as Th cells.

T cells bearing the surface membrane

protein CD8 always recognize peptide
antigens bound to MHC class I proteins
and function as cytotoxic T cells.
 T-cell recognition of antigen
• T cells are needed to control intracellular
pathogens and to activate B cell responses to
most antigens
• T cells are specialized to recognize foreign
antigens, via their TcR, as peptide fragments
bound to proteins of the major histocompatibility
complex (MHC)
• T cells with different functions are distinguished
by CD4 and CD8 cell-surface proteins and
recognize peptides bound to different classes of
MHC molecule
 Endocytosis Phagocytosi Phagocytosis Receptor- Receptor-mediated
s mediated phagocytosis
Ag capture
phagocytosis

MHC Constitutive (+++) Inducible Inducible (+ Constitutive (++) Constitutive

(-) +) (+++)
expression

Constitutive Inducible Inducible Inducible Inducible

Co- (CD80/86) CD80/86 (CD80/86) CD80/86 (++)
stimulation (-) (++) (-)

T-cell Naïve Т cells -- Effector T Effector T cells Naïve Т cells

activation Effector T cells cells Memory T cells Effector T cells
Memory T cells Memory T Memory T cells
cells
 Endogenous antigen processing: MHC class I peptide
presentation
• Intracellular proteins of host and virus are marked for
degradation by ubiquitination and are degraded by the
Proteasome.

• The resulting viral peptides are transported into the ER

lumen by the Tap1-Tap2 heterodimeric transporter.

• In the ER lumen, viral peptides associate with newly

synthesized MHC class I molecules.

• MHC class I-peptide complex is transported to the cell

surface via the golgi compartments.

• On the cell surface, the MHC class I-peptide complex interacts

with the T- cell receptor of a Tc cell carrying the CD8 coreceptor.
Endogenous antigen processing: MHC class I peptide presentation
 Exogenous antigen processing: MHC class II peptide
presentation
• MHC class II complex is prevented form binding to viral
peptides in the ER by association with the invariant chain.
• The complex is transported through golgi where the invariant
chain is removed, activating the MHC class II complex.
• The peptides are derived from extracellular proteins that
enter the cell by endocytosis.
• Viral proteins are degraded in the lysosomes by proteases that
are activated by low pH.
• Endosomes fuse with vesicles containing MHC class II.
• On the surface of the cell the MHC class II complex interacts
with the T cell receptor of a Th cell carrying the CD4
coreceptor.
Exogenous antigen processing: MHC class II peptide
presentation
Dendritic cell
Interaction between APC and lymphocyte

ДК

Лф
INTERACTION BETWEEN APC AND T-LYMPHOCYTE

Т-cell APC

IMMUNE SYNAPSE