ANATOMI & FISIOLOGI TELINGA

http://www.web-books.com/eLibrary/Medicin
Telinga Luar
• Fungsi : meneruskan suara
ke telinga tengah dan
melindungi alat alat di
sebelah dalamnya
terhadap pengaruh luar.
• Terdiri atas :
– Daun telinga ( auricula)
– Liang telinga ( Meatus
Acusticus Externus)
– Membrana Timpani
Daun Telinga ( Auricula)

Daun telinga terdiri dari tulang rawan

elastin kecuali pada bagian lobulus (jar.
Fibroareolar)

Perdarahan:
• bagian anterior: a. temporalis
superficialis
• bagian posterior: a. auricularis
posterior
 Liang Telinga
• Panjang: 2.5cm pada orang dewasa
• 1/3 lateral : tulang rawan, bentuk huruf s
– Mengandung: folikel rambut, glandula sebacea, modifikasi
glandula sudorifera
– Sekresi kedua glandula ditambah debu & epitel  serumen
• 2/3 medial: bagian tulang
– Mengandung sedikit kelenjar tanpa folikel rambut
Membran timpani

• Fungsi: merubah gelombang suara menjadi getaran mekanis, u/

diteruskan melalui tulang2 pendengaran
• Bentuk elips, diameter 1cm, berwarna putih mengkilat seperti
mutiara, permukaan konkaf
• Terdiri dari 2 bagian: pars tensa, pars flaccida
• 4 lapisan (luar – dalam): kulit, lapisan fibrosa radial & sirkuler, lapisan
mukosa
 Telinga Tengah
(Cavitas Tympanica)
Terdiri atas:
• Udara
• Tulang pendengaran (maleus,
incus, stapes)
• Otot (m. stapedius, m. tensor
tympani)
• Chorda tympani

Fungsi:
tulang pendengaran: meneruskan & memperbesar transmisi
getaran suara ke membran timpani
m. Tensor tympani: menarik manubrium mallei ke medial
(↓amplitudo getaran)
 Tulang-tulang pendengaran

http://www.arthursclipart.org/medical/senseorgans/ear%20bones.gif
 Malleus
• Manubrium mallei  tangkai yg melekat pd
permukaan dlm membrana tympani
• Caput mallei  berarticulatio dng incus dan
distabilkan dng adanya ligamentum mallei
superius
• Collum mallei
• Processus anterior mallei
 Incus
• Corpus incudis  berhubungan dng malleus
melalui articulatio incudomallearis
• Crus breve incudis
• Crus longum incudis Crus breve incudis

Corpus incudis

Crus longum incudis

 Stapes
• Basis stapedis
• Crus anterius stapedius & crus posterius
stapedis
• Caput stapedis

Caput stapedis

Crus anterius stapedius

& crus posterius stapedis

Basis stapedis
Tuba Eustachius

Fungsi:
1. mengalirkan udara ke telinga tengah.
udara di telinga tengah  diserap darah   tekanan di
telinga tengah  membran timpani relaksasi
2. Mengalirkan mukus yg normal diproduksi di telinga
tengah keluar menuju hidung untung mencegah akumulasi
 Telinga Dalam
Terdiri atas:
• Saluran-saluran tulang (labyrinthus osseus)
• Spatium perilymphaticum  terdapat
kantung & saluran yaitu labyrinthus
membranaceus  yg berisi endolymph

Sistem ini dikelilingi oleh cairan perilympha

 labyrinthus osseus
• Canales semisircularis  2/3 lingkaran
– anterior (superior)
– posterior
– lateralis
• Vestibulum
– Sacculus
Bag,
– Utriculus labyrinthu
s
• Cochlea membran
aceus
berbentuk kulit keong
 labyrinthus Membranaceus
Berisi endolympha & terdiri atas:
• Ductus semicircularis
3 buah, pelebaran pd satu ujungnya (ampulla membranacea)
 berisi crista ampullaris  sensor dari pergerakan
endolympha terhadap pergerakan kepala
• Utriculus & saculus
– Utriculus  mendeteksi gerakan kepala di bidang sagital
(atas & bawah)
– Macula sacculi  gerakan kepala di bidang frontal
• Ductus cochearis
– Organ corti  reseptor getaran suara
• labyrinthus osseus  perilimfe  komposisi:
ion yg serupa dng CES di tempat lain, namun
kandungan proteinnya sangat rendah
• labyrinthus Membranaceus  endolimf 
kandungan Na rendah, K tinggi. Konsentrasi
protein kecil
http://www.arthursclipart.org/medical/senseor
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Fisiologi Pendengaran

http://www.theuniversityhospital.com/cochlearweb/
http://legacy.owensboro.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/an
1). Sound waves are propagated through the air.
2). The pinna and the auditory canal focus the waves.
3). Sound wave strikes the tympanic membrane and starts it vibrating.
4). The malleus is secured to the membrane and passes the same total forces
through thestapes and into the oval window.
5). The oval window is smaller so the force becomes concentrated. (pressure is
related to area)
6). The wave is passed on to the cochlea and the fluid filled chamber vibrates.
It also causes the fluid to vibrate the round window.
Fluids cannot be compressed. So when the stapes moves in and out and the
membrane moves up and down the round or cochlear window will also move in
and out.
7). Hair cells in the Organ of Corti are stimulated by activity in the membrane
High pitch activates cells near oval window and low pitch activates cells further
away.
8). Stimuli are sent to the spiral ganglia and the cochlear nerve.
9). To the auditory reflex center of the midbrain.
10). To the thalamus.
11). To the auditory cortex in the temporal lobe.
12). Each auditory cortex receives input from both ears.
13). Cortical processing distinguishes wavelengths and sounds.
Ear infections are more common in children
because their eustachian tubes are shorter,
narrower, and more horizontal than in adults,
making the movement of air and fluid difficult.
Bacteria can become trapped when the tissue
of the eustachian tube becomes swollen from
colds or allergies. Bacteria trapped in the
eustachian tube may produce an ear infection
http://www.pediatriconcall.com/fordoctor/DiseasesandCondition/infectious_diseases/images/Ear2%5B1%5D.jpg
http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2007/08
 Otitis Media Akut
Epidemiologi
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