Problems to
Required Information be encountered
Wellbore Instability
Lost Circulation
Troublesome Low ROP in the shale sections
Zones Time exposure
Hole Cleaning
• Lithology Concerns
• Performance
• Production Concerns
• Cost
• Logistics
• Safety
• Environmental Impact
Planning A Well
• Geological prospect
– Exploration
– Development
• Offset data
– Geological
– Engineering
• Design criteria
– Objectives of well (production, information, costs)
– Surface & bottom hole locations
– Well control
– Bit selection
– Drilling fluid selection
– Casing design
Well Mechanical Design
Propiedades básicas de un fluido de perforación,
“ Efectos colaterales “
1. Densidad
2. Reología
3. Pérdida de fluido
4. Inhibición
5. Contenido de Sólidos
1.- Aplicación
2.- Geologia
Tipo de lutita
Tipo de Arena .- Permeabilidad
Otros Tipos de Formaciones .- Rocas Carbonatadas : Caliza,
Dolomía
Sales
3.- Datos de Perforación
Problema de Lutitas
Embolamiento de la Barrena / Conjunto de Fondo
Pegadura de la Tubería
Arenas Agotadas
Pérdida de Circulación
5.- Equipo de Perforación / Plataforma
Localización Remota
Capacidad Superficial Limitada
Capacidad de Mezcla
Bombas de Lodo
Equipos de Control de Sólidos
6.- Contaminación
Sólidos
Gases Acidos ( CO2 , H2S )
Anhidrita / Yeso
Sal
BIT BALLING
Preventive Actions
•Wetting String & bit with Penetrex L
•Inhibition with Claytrol
•Mud Dispersion with Chemtrol X
•Mud Dilution w/ fresh water
•HIS > 2 & Bit center jet
•Assure higher Gpm
Problem Evidence
•Increasing Torque
•Dropping ROP
•Steady with increasing WOB
Solutions
•Stop Drilling and lift off bottom
•Increase the gpm to maximum Flow rate, 5 min.
•Prepare Disperse pill, Mixing Prontoplug Muddium Plus penetrex L
•Check it the bit: if no, Rotate the drill pipe as fast as possible to realease the stick matrial
SHALE STABILITY
Preventive Actions
•Add Penetrex L, as shale swelling preventor
•Add Claytrol as Inhibitor mud element
•Monitor the Hole Cleaning and Shale Size
•Control the ROP
•Monitor the Hole Cleaning
Problem Evidence
•Shale larger than 2”
•Continuos amount of shale quantity on Shakers
Solutions
•Raise the Penetrex L Concentrations
•Raise the Claytrol Concentrations
•Increase the Mud Weigth w/ proper Particle Size distribution Material
Hole Cleaning Problems Origin
Flow Rate
Hole Size
Rate of Penetration
Fluid Rheology
Flow regime
String Rotation
Hole angle
Drillstring Eccentricity
Cuttings Density
Cuttings Size
Drag
High Torque
Stuck Pipe
Flow regime
Tight Connections