PATHOLOGY OF

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

DODY NOVRIAL
Department of Pathology, JSU
 The Esophagus
Congenital Disorders
 Tracheoesophageal Fistula

 Rings and Webs

- ESOPHAGEAL WEBS
- PLUMMER-VINSON (PATERSON-
KELLY) SYNDROME
- SCHATZKI RING
 Esophageal Diverticula
Congenital tracheoesophageal fistulas.
A. The most common type
B. In a few cases
C. The least common anomaly, the H type
 The Esophagus
Motor Disorders
 Dysphagia, Odynophagia
 Can be caused by:
- Dysfunction of striated muscle
- Systemic diseases of skeletal muscle
- Neurologic diseases
- Peripheral neuropathy
 Achalasia
 Scleroderma
 The Esophagus
Hiatal Hernia
 Symptoms of hiatal hernia, particularly
heartburn and regurgitation
 SLIDING HERNIA

 PARAESOPHAGEAL HERNIA
 The Esophagus
Esophagitis
 Reflux Esophagitis

 Barrett Esophagus

 Eosinophilic Esophagitis

 Infective Esophagitis

 Chemical Esophagitis

 Complicate Systemic Illnesses

 Iatrogenic
 The Esophagus
Esophageal Varices
 Dilated veins immediately beneath the
mucosa that are prone to rupture and
hemorrhage
 They arise in the lower third of the
esophagus
 Virtually always in patients with cirrhosis
and portal hypertension
 The Esophagus
Neoplasms
 Benign are Uncommon
 Esophageal Carcinoma Varies
Geographically and Histologically
 Environmental factors contribute strongly
to its development
 Virtually all adenocarcinomas arise in the
background of Barrett esophagus
The Stomach
 The Stomach

There are three types of glands:

 Cardiac glands are located in the cardia.

 Parietal (oxyntic) glands are found in the

body and fundus of the stomach.
 Pyloric glands are situated in the antrum
and the pyloric canal.
 The Stomach
Congenital Disorders
 Congenital Pyloric Stenosis
 Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
 DUPLICATIONS, DIVERTICULA, AND CYSTS
 SITUS INVERSUS
 ECTOPIC PANCREATIC TISSUE
 PARTIAL GASTRIC ATRESIAS
 CONGENITAL PYLORIC AND ANTRAL
MEMBRANES
 The Stomach
Gastritis
 Acute Hemorrhagic Gastritis, Associated with
Drugs and Stress
 Chronic Gastritis
Autoimmune or Environmental
 Environmental etiologic factors include
Helicobacter pylori and diet
 Persons with autoimmune or multifocal atrophic
gastritis have greater risk of carcinoma of the
stomach
 The Stomach
Peptic Ulcer Disease
 focal destruction of gastric mucosa and
small intestine, principally the proximal
duodenum, caused by the action of
gastric secretions
 affects the distal stomach and proximal
duodenum
 The Stomach
Benign Neoplasms
 Stromal Tumors in the Stomach Tend to Be Non
Aggressive
 Epithelial Polyps
Malignant Tumors
 Carcinoma of the Stomach Relates to Many
Environmental Factors
 Atrophic gastritis, pernicious anemia, subtotal
gastrectomy, and gastric adenomatous polyps are
factors associated with a high risk of stomach cancer
 The Stomach
 Gastric Neuroendocrine (Carcinoid)
Tumors are Low-Grade Malignancies
 Gastric Lymphoma Is the Most Common
Extranodal Lymphoma
 Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors Have
Low Malignant Potential
 The Small Intestine
1.The duodenum extends to the ligament
of Treitz.
2.The jejunum is the proximal 40% of the
remainder of the small intestine.
3.The ileum is the distal 60%.
 The Small Intestine
Congenital Disorders
 Atresia and Stenosis

 Duplications (Enteric Cysts)

 Meckel Diverticulum