Pumps

Objective
• Name three functions of a pump in the plant

• State the two main types of pumps

• Explain the basic components of centrifugal

pumps and the function of each component

• Centrifugal pump classification

• Thrust load acting on the pump shaft due to

pumping &the different methods which are
applied to minimize this axial load

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The function of the pump
To move liquid from low pressure area
to high pressure area

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To increase the flow rate in the piping system

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To move liquid from low level to high level

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 Pumping terms
Total head= Discharge head+ Suction Lift

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Total head = Discharge head - Suction Head

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 Classification of pumps

There are two groups:

• Positive displacement pumps

• Centrifugal pumps

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What is the centrifugal force?

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The effect of centrifugal force

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 Centrifugal pump components

Centrifugal pump consist of:

• Impeller
• Pump casing
• Wearing rings
• Stuffing box
• Shaft
• Bearings& bearing housing
• Coupling

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Centrifugal pump Components

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Centrifugal Pump Components

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 Classification of impellers
There are two different ways to classify
the impellers:
• With respect to the geometrical shape
• With respect to the flow direction

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 Classification with respect to the geometrical shape

• Open impeller
• Semi- open impeller
• Closed impeller

Also it can be:

• Single suction, or
• Double suction impeller

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 Open impeller

Open impeller Open and semi open

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Semi-open impeller

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Closed impeller

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Classification with respect to the liquid flow

Axial flow Mixed flow Radial flow

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 Casing design

Volute casing
• Single volute
• Double volute

Diffuser casing

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Single Volute Casing

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Double Volute casing

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Diffuser Casing

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Flow of liquid inside the diffuser casing

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 Wear rings

What is the function of wear rings?

To minimize the internal leakage

What is the impeller wear ring?

The ring which is fixed to the impeller

What is the casing wear ring?

The ring which is fixed to the casing

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Mechanical seal working principle

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 Mechanical seal components

1. Seal faces (primary sealing device)

2. Gaskets (secondary sealing device)
3. Spring (s)
4. Hard wear

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 Packing

Example of arrangement Packing material

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 Couplings

What is the function of the coupling?

Coupling classification:
1. Flexible couplings
2. Rigid couplings

The application of each type

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Diaphragm coupling

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Elastomeric coupling

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Gear coupling

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Grid coupling

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 Centrifugal pump classification

Centrifugal pumps can be classified with respect

to one of the following:

1. The number of stages

2. The pump casing split
3. The pump casing design
4. The position of the shaft

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 1. The number of stages

It could be single stage or multi-stage

Single stage
Multi-stage

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The number of stages

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 2. The pump casing split

Axial split casing Radial split casing

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 3. The pump casing design

It could be:
Single volute Double volute

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4. The position of the shaft

Vertical Horizontal

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Vertical pump- Multi-stage

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Submersible pumps

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 Thrust load due to pumping

Origin of pressure acting on impeller shrouds to

produce axial thrust
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Thrust load due to pumping (single stage)

There are 3 methods to minimize the axial load

in single stage pumps:

• Back wear ring and balancing holes

• Back vanes
• Double suction impeller

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Thrust load due to pumping (Multi-stage)

There are 3 methods to minimize the axial load

in multi-stage pumps:

• Arrangement of impellers
• Balancing disk and balancing line
• Double suction impeller for each stage

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