Introduction
Market Study
Production Technology
Conclusion
2
The History of Cyclohexane
1859 1923
First purpose-drilled oil well Dougherty and Taylor
in Pennsylvania used nickel as a catalyst
1901 1945
Benzene hydrogenation, forming cyclohexane, Du Pont Patented hydrogenation
in the presence of metal catalysts has been of benzene to cyclohexane
investigations by Sabatier and Senderens
Solvents, Additives
Other
XX %
Adipid acid and
caprolactum
7
Production Technologies
Production Technologies
Historical Modern
8
Hydrogenation of Benzene to Cyclohexane
Side Reaction
9
UOP Hydrar Process
Recycle H2
Purge
H2 3 Packed Bed Reactors Separator
Cyclohexane
Benzene in Series
Recycle Cyclohexane
10
Ref: Mcketta J., Cunningham A., Encyclopedia of Chemical Processing and Design Volume 14, Marcel Dekker, 61-82, 1984
Franck H. G., Stadelhofere J. W., Industrial Aromatic Chemistry, Springer-verlag, 191-193, 1949
Bexane Process
Recycle H2
Purge
H2 Mixer Multitubular Separator
HX Cyclohexane
Benzene Reactor
11
Ref: Mcketta J., Cunningham A., Encyclopedia of Chemical Processing and Design Volume 14, Marcel Dekker, 61-82, 1984
Franck H. G., Stadelhofere J. W., Industrial Aromatic Chemistry, Springer-verlag, 191-193, 1949
IFP Process
Recycle H2
Fuel Gas
H2 Main Finishing Separator
Cyclohexane
Benzene Reactor Reactor
External HX
12
Ref: Mcketta J., Cunningham A., Encyclopedia of Chemical Processing and Design Volume 14, Marcel Dekker, 61-82, 1984
Franck H. G., Stadelhofere J. W., Industrial Aromatic Chemistry, Springer-verlag, 191-193, 1949
Hazardous Chemicals
Hazard Benzene Hydrogen Cyclohexane
Main hazards Potential occupational Flammable Flammable
carcinogen, flammable
Hazard
pictograms
NFPA 704
13
Case Study - Flixborough Disaster
Since 1967, Nypro, UK had produced caprolactam from cyclohexane.
Reactor was leaking.
Cyclohexane leaked
Vapor cloud
Explosion
14
Conclusion
• Specified Capacity
• Selected Technology
15
Thank you very much for your attention.
16
Properties Benzene Hydrogen Cyclohexane
Chemical Formula C6H12
−1
Molar Mass 84.16 g·mol
Appearance Colorless Liquid
Odor Sweet, Gasoline-like
Density 0.7781 g/mL, Liquid
Melting Point 6.47 °C
18
FED – UOP Hydrar Process
Ref: Franck H. G., Stadelhofere J. W., Industrial Aromatic Chemistry, Springer-verlag, 191-193, 1949 19
FED – Bexane Process
20
FED – IFP Process
Ref: Franck H. G., Stadelhofere J. W., Industrial Aromatic Chemistry, Springer-verlag, 191-193, 1949 21
Catalysts
22
Cyclohexane Sales Specification
(Chevron Phillips Chemical Company )
23
Production Capacity
24
Global Consumption of Cyclohexane
26
27
Energy Consumption
28
Recommended Reaction Phase
29
30