PHASE II 23-06-2017

Experimental Investigation on Effect of EGR on

Performance and Emission Characteristics of
Biodiesel Fueled Engine
Submitted by
ANGU I
(621715414001)
Under the guidance of
Mr.K.SATHISH KUMAR ,M.E., MISTE.,
MASTER OF ENGINEERING
IN
THERMAL ENGINEERING
MUTHAYAMMAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,RASIPURAM
NAMAKKAL,637 408
 ABSTRACT

• Diesel engine fueled with bio diesel emits more NOx emissions. To meet
diesel vehicular exhaust emission norms worldwide, several exhaust pretreatment
and post treatment technique have been employed in diesel engine.
Experimentally investigate the performance and emission parameters will be
study with different EGR valve opening 5%, 10% and 15% respectively. The
performance of the engine will be analyses.

• Bio diesel is one of the most promising alternatives for diesel needs.
Initially, Karanja oil their blends were choosen. In general, viscosity of neat
vegetable oil is high, which can be reduced through blending with diesel and
heating them. The performance and emission characteristics of engine are
determined using karanja oil blends with diesel. These results are compared to
those of pure diesel.
 INTRODUCTION

Due to the increasing energy demand and the pollution problems

caused by the use of fossil fuels, it has become necessary to develop
alternative fuels as well as renewable sources of energy. Biodiesel, the non-
toxic fuel, is biodegradable and eco-friendly fuel used in diesel engines.
Biodiesel does not contain any sulphur or aromatic compounds and its
combustion results in lower emission of carbon monoxides, hydrocarbons and
particulates. As fossil fuel reserves rapidly decline, renewable alternative fuels
are more and more attractive.
 TRANSESTERIFICATION

• Animal and plant fats and oils are typically made of triglycerides which are
esters of free fatty acids with the trihydric alcohol, glycerol. In the trans
esterification process, the alcohol is deprotonated with a base to make it a
stronger nucleophile. Commonly methanol or ethanol are used. As can be
seen, the reaction has no other inputs than the triglyceride and the alcohol.
 Contd.,

• Normally, this reaction will proceed either exceedingly slowly or not at all
heat, as well as an acid or base are used to help the reaction proceed more
quickly. It is important to note that the acid or base are not consumed by the
transesterification reaction, thus they are not the reactants but catalysts.
 Contd.,
• Though vegetable oil can easily used in conventional engine without any
engine modifications, However the literature reports that the emission
formation in biodiesel is greater compared to diesel. (particularly NOx).

• In this study the pungam based bio diesel is chosen as fuel and also planned
to investigate the effect of EGR on performance and emission formation.
 OBJECTIVES

• Reduction of NOx formation in the engine combustion chamber.

• To improve the engine break thermal efficiency and reduce the Specific
Fuel Consumption.

• To reduce the emission of unburned hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide

(CO) and particulate matter (PM).

• To run the diesel engine with pungam based bio diesel and also to
investigate the effect of various EGR valve opening rate on the engine
performance and emission characteristics.
 LITERATURE REVIEW

• Sagar.et.al, Experimentally Investigated the Karanja Oil as Fuel in a

Compression Ignition Engine. His results show that the emission formation
in biodiesel is greater compared to diesel. (particularly NOx).

• P.v.walke.et.al, investigated the Nox emission. exhaust gas recirculation

(EGR) has definite impact on NOx reduction.

• V.manieniyan.et.al, experimental analysis of Exhaust Gas Recirculation on

DI diesel engine operating with Bio-diesel.
 PROBLEM DEFINITION

• Bio-diesel fuel engines received a greater attention among the researchers

over the past decades, because of easy usage in diesel engines.

• However the bio-diesel based fuel have long carbon chain and content of
oxygen as compared to diesel fuel. To this result engine fueled with bio-
diesel emits more Nitrous oxide emissions (NOx).
 REQUIREMENTS OF ALTERNATE FUELS

 Availability

 Better Performance

 Conformity to the environmental standards

 Competitive cost

 Safety in transportation
 METHODOLOGY

Study of Engine

Selection of alternative fuels

Problems identification

Bio-diesel preparation and

Engine modification with EGR

Experimental tests

Conclusions
PUNGAMIA TREE, FLOWER AND FRUITS
BIO-DIESEL PROCESS FLOW CHART

RAW OIL

HEATING TRANSESTRIFICATION PROCESS METHOXIDE

SEPARATING VESSEL GLYCERINE

RECOVERY OF CRUDE BIO-DIESEL

METHNOL

WASHING TANK

DRIER

PURE BIO-DIESEL
 PROPERTIES OF KARANJA BIODIESEL

PROPERTY UNIT VALUE

Chemical formula
---- C19H34o2
(Methyl Linoleate)

Density g/cc 0.924

Calorific Value MJ/kg 41
Fire point °C 230
Flash point °C 235
Specific gravity mm2/sec 0.876
Viscosity mm2/sec 5.5
Cetane number --- 39
 CONDUCTING EXPERIMENTS

• Modification on engine to run with EGR (with different valve openings)

• Test on engine with 100% diesel with and without EGR

• Test on engine with diesel 50%+karanja 50% (KD 50) with and without EGR

• Test on engine with 100% karanja bio-diesel with and without EGR
 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

1-single cylinder diesel engine 7,8,9-thermometer

2- inlet valve 10-u tube manometer
3-exhaust valve 11-fresh air inlet
4-heat exchanger 12-exhaust outlet
5,6-exhaust control valve 13,14-inlet control valve
 ENGINE SPECIFICATIONS

Parameters Specifications
Make Kirloskor-AV1
Type Vertical ,water cooled
Speed 1500 rpm
Brake power 5.2 kW
Bore 87.5 mm
Stroke 110 mm
Loading Mechanical type
arrangement
EGR Variable valve opening, Hot
EGR
DIESEL OPERATION OF PERFORMANCE AND
EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS WITHOUT EGR
Diesel operation of performance and emission
characteristics with 5% EGR
 DIESEL OPERATION OF PERFORMANCE AND
EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS WITH 10% EGR
 DIESEL OPERATION OF PERFORMANCE AND
EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS WITH 15% EGR
DIESEL + KARANJA (KD50) OPERATION OF
PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION
CHARACTERISTICS WITHOUT EGR
Diesel + Karanja (KD50) operation of performance
and emission characteristics with 5% EGR
Diesel + Karanja (KD50) operation of performance
and emission characteristics with 10% EGR
Diesel + Karanja (KD50) operation of performance
and emission characteristics with 15% EGR
Karanja operation of performance and emission
characteristics without EGR
KARANJA BIODIESEL OPERATION OF
PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION
CHARACTERISTICS WITH 5% EGR
KARANJA BIODIESEL OPERATION OF
PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION
CHARACTERISTICS WITH 10% EGR
KARANJA BIODIESEL OPERATION OF
PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION
CHARACTERISTICS WITH 15% EGR
 BRAKE THERMAL EFFICIENCY

BRAKE POWER Vs BRAKE THERMAL EFFICIENCY

35

30
PURE DIESEL
KARANJA50+DIESEL50
BRAKE THERMAL EFFICIENCY (%)

25
PURE KARANJA
DIESEL+EGR5%
20
DIESEL+EGR10%
DIESEL+EGR15%
15
KARANJA+EGR5%
KARANJA+EGR10%
10
KARANJA+EGR15%
KD50+EGR5%
5 KD50+EGR10%
KD50+EGR15%
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
BRAKE POWER (KW)
 SPECIFIC FUEL CONSUMPTION

BRAKE POWER Vs SPECIFIC FUEL CONSUMPTION

0.00025
SPECIFIC FUEL CONSUMPTION (kg/kw-hr)

0.0002 PURE DIESEL

KARANJA50+DIESEL50
PURE KARANJA
0.00015 DIESEL+EGR5%
DIESEL+EGR10%
DIESEL+EGR15%
0.0001 KARANJA+EGR5%
KARANJA+EGR10%
KARANJA+EGR15%
0.00005 KD50+EGR5%
KD50+EGR10%
KD50+EGR15%
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
BRAKE POWER (KW)
 NOx EMISSION

1400
BRAKE POWER vs NOx EMISSIONS
1200

1000 pure diesel

KD50
NOx EMISSIONS (%)

karanja
800
Diesel+Egr 5%
Diesel+Egr10%
600 Diesel+Egr15%
KD50+Egr 5%
400 KD50+Egr10%
KD50+Egr15%
karanja+Egr 5%
200
karanja+Egr 10%
karanja +Egr 15%
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
BRAKE POWER
 HC EMISSION

50
BRAKE POWER vs HC EMISSIONS
45

40
pure diesel
KD50
35
HC EMISSIONS (%)

karanja
Diesel+Egr 5%
30
Diesel+Egr10%
Diesel+Egr15%
25
KD50+Egr 5%
KD50+Egr10%
20
KD50+Egr15%
karanja+Egr 5%
15
karanja+Egr 10%
karanja +Egr 15%
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
BRAKE POWER
 CO EMISSION

BRAKE POWER vs CO EMISSIONS

0.13

0.12
pure diesel

0.11 KD50
karanja
0.1 Diesel+Egr 5%
CO EMISSIONS (%)

Diesel+Egr10%
0.09
Diesel+Egr15%
0.08 KD50+Egr 5%
KD50+Egr10%
0.07
KD50+Egr15%
0.06 karanja+Egr 5%
karanja+Egr 10%
0.05
karanja +Egr 15%
0.04
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
BRAKE POWER
 CONCLUSION
• When the engine was operated with karanja based bio-diesel, the
brake thermal efficiency decreases due to the lower calorific value of
biodiesel compared to net diesel fuel. The brake thermal efficiency
increases at low EGR rates for these fuels. However, increasing EGR flow
rates to high levels resulted in decrease in brake thermal efficiency for both
net diesel fuel and karanja biodiesel.
• It is observed from the graph that the bio-diesel emits higher NOX
than diesel fuel at all loading conditions. The NOX emissions were
decreased with increase in EGR flow rate for both net diesel fuel and
karanja biodiesel.
• The emissions of HC were found to be lower with karanja biodiesel.
However, with the increase of EGR flow rates resulted in considerable rise
in HC emissions.
• The specific fuel consumption for Karanja + Diesel KD50 was
slightly higher than diesel fuel at all loading conditions when operated with
and without EGR.
 REFERENCES

• 1. “Comparison of the properties of palm oil and palm kerneloil biodiesel

in relation to the degree of unsaturation of their oil feedstocks” by Ayoola
A.A and Anawe P.A.L.
• 2. “Recent studies reveal that increasing fuel prices and scarcity of its
supply have promoted interest in development of alternative sources for
petroleum fuels” by Sumedh Ingle, Vilas Nandedkar and Madhav
Nagarhalli.
• 3. “Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology” by
Mohammadreza Koushki, Masoomeh Nahidi and Fatemeh Cheraghali.
• 4. “Karanja oil biodiesel a potential substitution for diesel fuel in diesel
engine without alteration” by L. Karikalan and M. Chandrasekaran.
• 5. “Experimental investigation on compression ignition engine powered by
preheated neat jatropha oil” by M. Nematullah Nasim, Ravindra Babu
,Yarasu and R. H. Sarda
THANK YOU