Modul 5:

Analisa Data Produktivitas

Outline Modul 5
 Flow Chart/Diagram
 Process Chart
 Crew Balance Chart
 Cycle Chart
 Examples

5-2
Flow Chart/Diagram
 A flow chart/diagram is a line diagram showing the spatial
interrelations between the layout and the movement of
things
 Flow chart/diagram is sequential. It indicates the spatial
interrelationship of materials and work places and
processes. It is used with a process chart to explain an
operation

5-3
Flow Chart/Diagram Example (1)
EXISTING Panels Joists

JOBSITE

Plywood sheets
And Panels
Jacks and Stringers

Joists and studs

5-4
Flow Chart/Diagram Example (2)
PROPOSED

Prefabrication accomplished
In storage area
Plywood sheets
And Panels

JOBSITE
Joists and studs

Jacks and
Stringers

5-5
Process Chart (1)
 A process chart is a chronologically arranged listing of the
various steps in an operation. Usually each item carries a
symbol which classifies it in terms of its general nature.
 Symbols for the 5 main types of activities:

Operation Transport Inspection Delay Storage

 Operation – something is done to an item at one location

 Transport – location of an item is changed
 Inspection – the item is being checked or inspected
 Delay – the item is temporarily stopped or held
 Storage – the item is in storage

5-6
Process Chart (2)
 Keep the level of detail of the activity comparable, e.g.,
“insert form tie” and “ weld 500 linear feet of pipe” are
not the same level of detail.
 Process chart list the logical steps in an operation. They
are used to analyze present vs. future motions. Try to
decrease each stage of the cycle, typically the transport
and storage steps.

5-7
Process Chart Example (1)

5-8
Process Chart Example (2)

5-9
Crew Balance Chart (1)
 The crew balance chart shows the interrelationship
between the work of individual members of a crew and
its equipment
 Record work activities in a permanent record (e.g., a
time-lapse or video film)
 Break down work by crew member and by time for each
activity

5-10
Crew Balance Chart (2)
 Format:
 One axis indicates time or frame member or percent of whole time
or time itself
 The other is broken into bars representing each crew member or
resource (equipment)
 Activity description are written on the bars
 Shade essential work dark, contributory work lighter, non-
contributory work lightest
 How to use them:
 Do a crew balance for as-found method
 Do crew balance for sequence of event, eliminating as many delays as
possible
 Make suggestions to improve method and show resulting
improvement as a decrease in direct work by looking at methods
used and external factors beyond the crew’s control, e.g., material
delivery

5-11
Crew Balance Chart Example (1)


5-12
Crew Balance Chart Example (1)


5-13
Cycle Chart
 A cycle chart depicts one cycle of an operation
 Take off all the cycle time for each operation
 Work out the maximum, minimum, average, and standard
deviation of the individual cycles
 Take the average cycles a found and find a cycle that best
approaches it
 Analyze it to decrease delays
 Compare an average delay-free cycle to the as-found cycles

5-14
 Cycle Chart Example
 Minutes Existing
Tasks 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 condition
Loader loads sand
Loader loads gravel
Hopper discharges aggregate to conveyor belt
Truck mixers sets its position
Truck mixers was cleaned
Conveyor belt loads aggregates to TM
Cement, water and additive added
TM mixes concrete, Final Check Potential improvement
Minutes

Cycle Charts of the Loader 1 loads sand

Tasks 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Loader 2 loads gravel

Observed Concrete Hopper discharges aggregate to conveyor belt
Truck mixers sets its position
Batching Truck mixers was cleaned
Conveyor belt loads aggregates to TM
Cement, water and additive added
Plant Operation TM mixes concrete, Final Check

5-15
Exercise1
 Construct a cycle chart, a process chart, and a crew balance
chart for a drilling and rock-bolt placing operation with 3
resources whose time is expended as shown below:
Step Time (min) Laborer #1 Laborer #2 Air-Track Drill

1 00:00-05:00 Maneuver drill to next Wait Maneuver to next

hole hole
2 05:00-30:00 Operate drill Wait Drill hole
3 30:00-40:00 Wait Fetch rock-bolt Wait
4 40:00-45:00 Insert rock-bolt Help insert rock-bolt Wait

5 45:00-50:00 Wait Place and torque rock- Wait

bolt nut

Return to step 1 and repeat steps 1 to 5

5-16
Exercise 2
 Construct a cycle chart, a process chart, and a crew balance
chart for a pile-driving operation consists of the following steps in a
typical cycle:
 Minutes 00:00 to 02:00 – Two riggers connect pile to sling while pile
driver and its operator wait.
 Minutes 02:00 to 04:00 – Pile driver swings over to pile, connects its
hoist cable to the sling, and hoists the pile into its leads. One of the
riggers assists while the other waits.
 Minutes 04:00 to 05:00 – Pile driver positions location and angle of pile.
One rigger assists in spotting the pile tip while the other waits.
 Minutes 05:00 to 10:00 – Pile driver pounds the pile into the ground. In
the last minute, one of the riggers takes continuous measurements of
the pile length remaining above the grade and the other rigger counts
blows so that they can compute the ‘blows per foot’ to know when they
have reached the specified resistance.
 Suggest the improvement for this operation. Show the improved
productivity and LUF.

5-17