Lecture-03

POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION

(EE-523)

Samiya Zafar
Assistant Professor, EED NEDUET
M.Engg Fall Semester 2017
 Application of Inverse Definite Minimum
Time Relay on a Distribution Feeder
Consider the same feeder with two buses A and B
where IDMT OC relays are to be used.

The purpose of RB is to provide primary protection to

line BC and The purpose of RA is to provide primary

protection to line AB and back-up to line BC.
We start setting process from tail end of the system.
(a) Deciding the CT ratios and plug settings for Relay A
and Relay B:
(i) At relay B, the maximum load current, assuming 25%
overload is: 80 A + (0.25 x 80 A) = 100 A
Assuming 1 A relay to be used, the CT ratio can be
selected to be 100 : 1. The plug setting PS can be done
at 1oo%, i.e. PS = 1.0 A.
(ii) At relay A the maximum load current, assuming 25%
overload is:
(160+80) + 0.25 (160+80) = 300 A
Assuming 1 A relay to be used, the CT ratio can be
selected to be 300 : 1. The plug setting can be done at
1oo%, i.e. PS = 1.0 A.
(b) Deciding the time-multiplier settings: Starting from
the most remote relay RB

(i) Since RB does not have to maintain selectivity with

any other relay, it can be made to operate the fastest.
Thus the TMS of RB can be selected as 0.1.

(ii) Now, to maintain selectivity between RA and RB, the

following constraint must be met:

The operating time of RB for maximum fault just beyond

bus B can be found from
For maximum fault at B, fault current = 3000 A on
primary side which becomes (3000/100) = 30 A
secondary. Since plug setting is done at 1.0 A,

The TMS of RB has already been set at 0.1. Substituting

these values, we get:

Let TCB,B= 0.5 S. Then, TR,B + TCB,B = 0.7 s

This value of 0.7 s is the desired operating time of R A.

Assuming overshoot time of RA to be 10% of 0.7 s, i.e.

TOS,A = 0.07 s.
Thus, we get the required operating time of RA for
maximum fault at bus B:
TR,A max fault at B = 0.2 + 0.5 + 0.07 = 0.77 s
The TMS of RA can be found from the following

expression for the operating time of RA:

We have, for RA, for the above condition, PSM = Irelay/PS

= (3000/300)/1 = 10. Hence for RA

This finishes the setting of both the relays

We can verify that the selectivity for minimum fault at
bus B is automatically maintained.
We can deduce the following general rules from the
above setting exercise:

1) Start the setting from the relay at the tail end of the
system.

2) Plug setting should be such that: IL,max < PS < If,min at

the end of next section i.e. for plug setting consider
minimum fault current at the end of the next section.

3) TMS should be decided such that the selectivity with

the next relay downstream is maintained for maximum
fault current at the beginning of the next section.
PRACTICE PROBLEM
For the system shown below, design the complete OC
protection using the IDMT relays. Thus, decide the CT
ratios, the plug settings and the TMS at all locations.

Load 115 A 80 A 100 A 77 A 70A

Minimum fault current 1500 A 1000 A 780 A 585 A 390 A
Maximum fault current 6000 A 5000 A 3000 A 2000 A 1000 A
 Over Current Relays (cont’d…)
As previously discussed, These are the types of over current
relay:
1. Instantaneous Over
current Relay
2. Definite Time Over
current Relay
3. Inverse Definite
Minimum
Time Relay
 Very Inverse Type

Example : An IDMT over current relay has a current setting of
150% and a time multiplier setting of 0.6. The primary of relay
is connected to secondary of CT having ratio 400/5. Calculate
the time of operation if the circuit carries a fault current of
5000 A. The time-current characteristics of the relay is shown
in the figure.
Sol : Let us calculate PSM first,
Fault current in relay coil = actual
fault current X CT ratio
= 5000 * 5/400
= 62.5 A
Current setting = 150%=1.5
PSM= 62.5/ 5* 1.5 = 8.333
From Figure, the approximate time of operation for PSM 8
is 2 seconds
Actual operation time= 2 * time setting multiplier
= 2 * 0.6
= 1.2 seconds
Example: The Fig shows a part of a typical power system. If for
the discrimination , the time grading margin between the
relays is 0.6 sec, calculate the time of operation of relay 1 and
time setting multiplier for relay 2 . Refer to characteristics given
in Fig. The time setting multiplier of relay 1 is 0.3.
 Some Numerical Over Current
Protection Relays For Reference
Siemens SIPROTEC
7SJ601

Schneider
MiCom P115

AEG PS 451
MiCom P115 is a 3 phase and earth fault non-
directional over current protection relay. The P115
must be configured to the system and application by
means of the appropriate settings. All current
settings refer to nominal current (1 A or 5 A).
The SIEMENS SIPROTEC 7SJ601 is a numerical over
current relay which, in addition to its primary use in
radial distribution power systems and motor
protection, can also be employed as backup for line,
transformer and generator differential protection.
It provides definite-time and inverse- time over current
protection.
The nominal CT currents applied to the SIPROTEC
7SJ601 can be 1 A or 5 A.
The microprocessor controlled, multifunctional over
current- time protection device AEG PS 451 is
suitable for definite time or inverse-time over
current protection of HV motors, transformers, and
power lines.
Parameters may be set either from the local control
panel or through the PC interface, as desired.
 PLACEMENT A ND
SET T ING OF OVER
C URR ENT RELAYS ON
ETA P