The Americas After 1300 Ce

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Mesoamerica
The Americas
After 1300 CE
The Aztecs
The Incas
North America
The Americas After 1300 CE
The Americas After 1300 CE > Mesoamerica
Mesoamerica
• The Mixteca-Puebla Tradition
www.boundless.com/art-history/textbooks/boundless-art-history-textbook/the-americas-after-1300-ce-31/mesoamerica-190/
The Americas After 1300 CE > The Aztecs
The Aztecs
• Architecture of the Aztecs
• Sculpture of the Aztecs
• Featherwork of the Aztecs
• Codices of the Aztecs
www.boundless.com/art-history/textbooks/boundless-art-history-textbook/the-americas-after-1300-ce-31/the-aztecs-191/
The Americas After 1300 CE > The Incas
The Incas
• Architecture of the Inca
• Textiles of the Inca
• Metalwork of the Inca
• The Spanish Conquest and Its Effects on Incan Art
www.boundless.com/art-history/textbooks/boundless-art-history-textbook/the-americas-after-1300-ce-31/the-incas-193/
The Americas After 1300 CE > North America
North America
• Beadwork and Ceramics in the Eastern Woodland Cultures
• Arts of the Great Plains
• Woodcarving in the Northwest Coast Cultures
• Art and Architecture of the Southwest Cultures
www.boundless.com/art-history/textbooks/boundless-art-history-textbook/the-americas-after-1300-ce-31/north-america-194/
Appendix
Key terms
• adobe An unburnt brick dried in the sun; a house made of unburnt brick dried in the sun.
• antiquity Ancient times; former ages; times long since past.
• argillite A fine-grained sedimentary rock, intermediate between shale and slate, sometimes used as a building material.
• cabochon A gemstone which has been shaped and polished as opposed to faceted.
• Chimú A culture centered on Chimor, with the capital city of Chan Chan (in the Moche Valley of present-day Trujillo, Peru),
which arose about 900 CE and was conquered by the Inca around 1470 CE.
• cochineal A vivid red dye made from the bodies of cochineal insects.
• codex An early manuscript book bound in the modern manner, by joining pages, as opposed to a rolled scroll.
• discoidal Having the flat, circular shape of a disc or a quoit.
• effigies A likeness of a person.
• evangelization The act of preaching the gospel or converting to Christianity.
• First Nation The indigenous peoples of any country or region.
• formline A feature in the indigenous art of the Northwest Coast of North America, distinguished by the use of characteristic
shapes referred to as ovoids, U forms, and S forms.
• freestanding Standing or set apart; not attached to anything.

• gorget An ornament for the neck; a necklace, ornamental collar, torque etc.
• iconography The branch of art history which studies the identification, description, and interpretation of the content of images.
• Inca A member of the group of Quechuan peoples of highland Peru who established an empire from northern Ecuador to
central Chile before the Spanish conquest.
• inlay To place pieces of a foreign material within another material to form a decorative design.
• irrevocably Beyond recall; in a manner precluding repeal.
• islet A small island.
• lapidary An artist or artisan who forms stone, minerals, or gemstones into decorative items such as engraved gems, including
cameos and faceted designs; the primary techniques employed are cutting, grinding, and polishing.
• lignite A low-grade, brownish-black coal.
• metallurgist A person who works in metal.
• monolith A large single block of stone, used in architecture and sculpture.
• motif A recurring or dominant element in a work of art.
• nomadic Leading a wandering life with no fixed abode; peripatetic, itinerant.

• patron An influential, wealthy person who supports an artist, craftsman, scholar, or aristocrat.
• phonetic Relating to the sounds of spoken language.
• pictographic Represented by illustrations.
• pictorial Described or otherwise represented by illustration rather than words.
• plateresque Pertaining to an ornate style of architecture of 16th century Spain suggestive of silver plate.
• quetzal A strikingly colored bird with very long tail feathers, found in Guatemala and Costa Rica.
• quillwork Decorative textile embellishment made from porcupine quills by certain Native Americans.
• relief A type of artwork in which shapes or figures protrude from a flat background.
• tunic A garment worn over the torso, with or without sleeves, and of various lengths reaching from the hips to the ankles.
• Utilitarian Practical and functional, not just for show.
• vicuña A relative of the llama that lives in the high alpine areas of the Andes.
Templo Mayor
Scale model of the Templo Mayor of Tenochtitlan, showing the various stages as it was enlarged over time.
Wikipedia. "1024px-ScaleModelTemploMayor.JPG." Public domain https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templo_Mayor#/media/File:ScaleModelTemploMayor.JPG View on
Boundless.com
Mixteca-Puebla style Pipe with Bluebird, A.D. 1100-1400

Mexico, Western Oaxaca or Puebla
Wikimedia. "WLA lacma 1100 ceramic pipe." CC BY-SA http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WLA_lacma_1100_ceramic_pipe.jpg View on Boundless.com
Mosaic Skull, 1400-1521

Bone/ivory/horn/shell/bamboo, Human skull with turquoise, jadeite, and shell
Wikimedia. "WLA lacma Mosaic Skull Mixteca-Puebla Style." License: Other http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WLA_lacma_Mosaic_Skull_Mixteca-
Puebla_Style.jpg View on Boundless.com
Large Mixteca-Puebla style bowl

Preserved in the Museum of the Americas, Madrid, from the late Postclassic Mexico.
Wikimedia. "Large Mixtec bowl, Museo de América." License: Other http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Large_Mixtec_bowl,_Museo_de_Am%C3%A9rica.jpg
View on Boundless.com
Ruins of Templo Mayor

While the location of the ruins of Templo Mayor was rediscovered in the early 20th century, major excavations did not take place until 1978 to 1982.
Wikipedia. "Templo Mayor 2007." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Templo_Mayor_2007.JPG View on Boundless.com
Aztec Mirror
This mirror was carved from obsidian on a modern wooden base and is currently held in the Museum of the Americas, Madrid.
Wikipedia. "Aztec mirror, Museo de América, Madrid." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aztec_mirror,_Museo_de_Am%C3%A9rica,_Madrid.jpg View on
Boundless.com
Calendar Stone
The monolith of the Stone of the Sun, also known as the Aztec calendar stone (National Museum of Anthropology and History, Mexico City).
Wikipedia. "1024px-1479_Stein_der_f%C3%BCnften_Sonne%2C_sog._Aztekenkalender%2C_Ollin_Tonatiuh_anagoria.JPG." CC BY 3.0
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aztec_calendar_stone#/media/File:1479_Stein_der_f%C3%BCnften_Sonne,_sog._Aztekenkalender,_Ollin_Tonatiuh_anagoria.JPG
An Aztec Sculpture of the Mythological Serpent, Xiuhcoatl

Xiuhcoatl, a mythological serpent in Aztec religion, was a common subject of Aztec art.
Wikipedia. "Xiuhcoatl." GNU FDL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiuhcoatl View on Boundless.com
Aztec Statue of Coatlicue, the Earth Goddess

This sculpture is currently held in the Museo Nacional de Antropología in Mexico City.
Wikipedia. "Aztec statue of Coatlicue, the earth goddess." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aztec_statue_of_Coatlicue,_the_earth_goddess.jpg View on
Boundless.com
Chilkat blanket
In the collection of the University of Alaska Museum, Fairbanks
Wikipedia. "Chilkat blanket univ alaska museum." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chilkat_blanket_univ_alaska_museum.jpg View on Boundless.com
Totem Pole from the Northwest

Native American Totem Pole from Ketchikan, Alaska.
Wikipedia. "Ketchican totem pole 2 stub." CC BY http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ketchican_totem_pole_2_stub.jpg View on Boundless.com
Cherokee shell gorget

A contemporary shell gorget carved by Bennie Pokemire (Eastern Band Cherokee)
Wikipedia. "Bennie pokemire gorget." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bennie_pokemire_gorget.jpg View on Boundless.com
Detail of first page from the Boturini Codex.

The first page of this Aztec codex depicts the departure from Aztlán.
Wikipedia. "Aztec codices." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aztec_codices View on Boundless.com
Page thirteen of the Aztec Codex Borbonicus

The original page thirteen of the Codex Borbonicus shows the 13th trecena (or 13-day period) of the Aztec sacred calendar. This 13th trecena was under
the auspices of the goddess Tlazolteotl, who is portrayed wearing a flayed skin, giving birth to Cinteotl.
Wikipedia. "Codex Borbonicus, p11 trecena13." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Codex_Borbonicus,_p11_trecena13.PNG View on Boundless.com
Aztec feather headdress

This Aztec headdress is often described as the crown of Moctezuma II. Today it is exhibited at the Museo Nacional de Antropología e Historia, México.
Wikipedia. "Aztecheaddress." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aztecheaddress.jpg View on Boundless.com
Images of Cuzco
Top: Plaza de Armas; middle left: Temple of Coricancha; middle right: aerial view of Cusco; bottom left: Sacsayhuamán; bottom right: Cathedral of
Cusco
Wikipedia. "Cuscoinfobox." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cuscoinfobox.png View on Boundless.com
Machu Picchu
Machu Picchu is a 15th-century Inca citadel situated on a mountain ridge 7,970 feet above sea level.
Wikipedia. "450px-80_-_Machu_Picchu_-_Juin_2009_-_edit.2.jpg." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machu_Picchu#/media/File:80_-_Machu_Picchu_-
_Juin_2009_-_edit.2.jpg View on Boundless.com
A map of Cuzco, by E.G. Squier, c. 1860.

The puma shape of the city of Cusco is discernible, with the head at the upper left and the tail at the lower right.
Wikipedia. "Cuzco1860." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cuzco1860.jpg View on Boundless.com
Tupa Inca tunic from around 1550

An example of Inca textiles. Inca officials wore stylized tunics decorated with certain motifs, while soldiers of the Inca army had specific uniforms.
Wikipedia. "Tupa-inca-tunic." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tupa-inca-tunic.png View on Boundless.com
Golden Plaque from Chimú Culture

The Incans adopted much of their metalworking characteristics from the metalwork of Chimu. Because of their expertise, many metalworkers were taken
back to the capital city of Cuzco to continue their metalworking for the emperor.
Wikipedia. "Lombards Museum 198." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lombards_Museum_198.jpg View on Boundless.com
Andean bronze bottle, ca. 1300-1532

While this bottle was most likely made by Chimú artisans, Inca metalworkers adopted similar characteristics.
Wikipedia. "Andean Bronze Age Bottle." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Andean_Bronze_Age_Bottle.jpg View on Boundless.com
Example of 'Encarnado' Sculpture

The technique of encarnado, or the simulation of the color of human flesh, was used on sculptures to make them appear more realistic.
Wikimedia. "e-la-sangre-paso-encarnado.%402x.jpeg." Public domain http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cristo_de_la_Sangre_Paso_Encarnado.JPG View on
Boundless.com
Example of Cusco painting

Cusco painting is characterized by exclusively religious subject matter; warped perspective; frequent use of the colors red, yellow, and earth tones; and
an abundance of gold leaf.
Wikipedia. "quenha-do-s-c3-a9culo-xvii.%402x.jpeg." Public domain https://figures.boundless-cdn.com/16046/full/quenha-do-s-c3-a9culo-xvii.%402x.jpeg View on
Boundless.com
The execution of the Inca

Spaniards burning the Inca leader Atahualpa at the stake, following their conquest of the Inca people.
Wikimedia. "The execution of Inca." Public domain http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_execution_of_Inca.jpg View on Boundless.com
Mississippi pottery
A human head effigy pot from the Mississippian culture, on display at the Hampson Museum State Park in Wilson.
Wikipedia. "Hampson effigypot HRoe 2006." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hampson_effigypot_HRoe_2006.jpg View on Boundless.com
Wampum jewelry
Wampum was commonly traded or used as currency by the Iroquois and nearby coastal tribes.
Wikimedia. "Wampum jewelry - NARA - 523576.tif." Public domain http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wampum_jewelry_-_NARA_-_523576.tif View on
Boundless.com
Traditional Sioux dress

Sioux dress with fully beaded yoke.
Wikipedia. "Sioux-Womendress." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sioux-Womendress.jpg View on Boundless.com
Navajo sandpainting
One of the four elaborate dry-paintings or sand altars employed in the rites of the Mountain Chant, a Navaho medicine ceremony of nine days' duration.
Wikipedia. "Navajo sandpainting." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Navajo_sandpainting.jpg View on Boundless.com
Pottery of the Pueblo

Ceramic bowl from Chaco Canyon in New Mexico, Pueblo III phase.
Wikipedia. "Bowl Chaco Culture NM USA." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bowl_Chaco_Culture_NM_USA.jpg View on Boundless.com
Old and new Navajo bracelets

The Navajo are well-known today for their use of turquoise in jewelry.
Wikipedia. "080." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:080.JPG View on Boundless.com
Attribution
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• Wikipedia. "Sandpainting." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandpainting
• Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//management/definition/utilitarian
• Wiktionary. "inlay." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/inlay
• Wiktionary. "lignite." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lignite

The Americas After 1300 Ce

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The Americas After 1300 Ce

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The Americas After 1300 CE

• freestanding Standing or set apart; not attached to anything.

• nomadic Leading a wandering life with no fixed abode; peripatetic, itinerant.

Mixteca-Puebla style Pipe with Bluebird, A.D. 1100-1400

Mosaic Skull, 1400-1521

Large Mixteca-Puebla style bowl

Ruins of Templo Mayor

An Aztec Sculpture of the Mythological Serpent, Xiuhcoatl

Aztec Statue of Coatlicue, the Earth Goddess

Totem Pole from the Northwest

Cherokee shell gorget

Detail of first page from the Boturini Codex.

Page thirteen of the Aztec Codex Borbonicus

Aztec feather headdress

A map of Cuzco, by E.G. Squier, c. 1860.

Tupa Inca tunic from around 1550

Golden Plaque from Chimú Culture

Andean bronze bottle, ca. 1300-1532

Example of 'Encarnado' Sculpture

Example of Cusco painting

The execution of the Inca

Traditional Sioux dress

Pottery of the Pueblo

Old and new Navajo bracelets

• Wikipedia. "Inca society." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inca_society

• Wikipedia. "Totem pole." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totem_pole

• Wikipedia. "Cusco." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cusco

• Wikipedia. "Pueblo III Era." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblo_III_Era

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