ME- 458 Turbomachinery

Muhammad Shaban
Lecturer
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Text Books

1. Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics of

Turbomachinery By S. L. Dixon.
2. Fundamentals of turbomachinery By B. K.
Venkanna

7/16/2018
2
2
 Review of Basic Laws of
Turbomachinery
Nomenclature
Symbol Denotation Unit
A Surface area m2
E Internal energy J
F Force N
I Rothalpy J/kg
M Moment Nm
Q Heat energy J
W Mechanical energy J
c Absolute velocity m/s
g Gravitational constant m/s2
h Enthalpy J/kg

3
4
Turbomachine System Discretization

5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
Affinity Laws

40
41
42
Affinity
Laws
Derivation

43
Harmful
Effects

44
45
46
Pump losses

47
 PROBLEMS
• Determine the design parameters of a pump. The
concerned pump has a constant reference diameter and
constant annular cross section.

• The following is given:

• Reference radius 0.2 m
• Rotational speed 3000 rpm
• Axial flow speed 10 m/s
• Relative flow angle at impeller outlet -10deg

• Determine the following:

• • Flow coefficient
• • Head coefficient

48
Determine the off-design operation of a pump.
• The following is given:
• Head at design point 250m
• Axial flow velocity at design point 10m/s
• Reference radius 0.25m
• Rotational speed 2400rpm
Answer the following:
1. While the pump speed is kept constant, the operating
point is changed such that the axial flow velocity is
increased by 30%. What is the head at the off-design
point?
2. Assuming that the pump had a reference radius of
0.4m while the other parameters are unchanged, what
would the head be at off-design operation?
3. If the results differ for these two cases then explain
why.
49
Determining the operating point of a pump when
connected to a system.

• The system curve is defined as follows:

• The pump characteristics:

• Determine
1. Operating point of the pump when connected to
the system
2. Efficiency of the pump at this operating point
50
For the pump (described in Previous problem) determine
the pump off design operation by applying the affinity
laws.
Assume pump is running at 3000rpm
Find
• Operating point of the system when connected to the pump (Q,
H)
• Power requirement at operating point
• Value of pump peak efficiency and flow rate at which it occurs
(current pump curve)
• Pump speed if we would like to run the pump at peak efficiency
while still maintaining the same flow rate as the original
operating point
• Pump operating point (Q, H) when running pump at peak
efficiency as described above as well as power required
• The gravitational constant is g 9.81 m/s2. Working medium is
water with a density of 1000kg/m3.
51
Design Aspects

52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
Hydro Turbines

60
61
62
63
64
65
66
• A turbine decreases the total head in a system. This
implies that there is high-energy fluid available at the
inlet of a turbine and that the fluid leaves the turbine
with reduced energy content. Depending on the
application, the primary contribution of the high-energy
source might be different:

• Hydro turbine driven by high-velocity fluid which results

from a great difference in elevation: the primary high energy
source is static head that is transformed into velocity head
by flow acceleration.

• Hydro turbine that is driven by the flow in a river: the

primary high energy source is velocity head.

67
68
Turbine Systems

69
Problem
Consider a turbine system as the one depicted below. The turbine is
connected to an upper reservoir on the pressure side and discharges to a
lower reservoir.
• The following is given: Static pressure p1 80kPa
• Volume flow rate at position 2 10 m3/s
• Height H 400 m
• Pipe diameter at turbine inlet d2 0.6 m
• Pipe diameter d3=d2
• Static pressure p3 105 kPa
• The gravitational constant is g 9.81 m/s2. Working medium is water with a
density of 1000 kg/m3. Friction can be neglected.
• Determine the following:
• Flow speed at turbine inlet
• Total head at turbine inlet
• Difference in total head over turbine
• Maximum possible power produced

70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
Efficiencies

82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
Turbine and Compressor
Lines in h-s Diagrams

103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113