PELTON TURBINE

 Pelton Turbine is a Tangential Flow Impulse Turbine.

 The energy available at the inlet of the Pelton Turbine is only

Kinetic Energy

 The Pressure Energy of water is converted into Kinetic Energy

when passed through the nozzle and forms into a high velocity water
jet.

 This water jet is used for driving the Pelton Turbine or Pelton
Wheel.
 Water from the reservoir  Flows through the Penstock  To a nozzle at
outlet  Nozzle increase the KE of the water  Water comes out in the
form of jet  Strikes the buckets (vanes) of the runner The runner will
starts rotataing.
 Pelton Turbine consists of a rotor (a circular disc), having equally spaced double
hemispherical buckets (vanes) on its periphery.
 The spear is a conical needle , moving inside the nozzle will controls the amount of
water flow through the nozzle and thereby regulating the amount of water striking
the runner.
 The function of the casing is to prevent the splashing of the water and to discharge
the water to the tail race. It is also acts as a safeguard against accidents.
 FRANCIS TURBINE
 In modern Francis turbine, water enters the runner of the turbine in the
radial direction and leaves in the axial direction, so the Modern
Francis turbine is a mixed flow reaction turbine.
 Water from the casing  Enters the stationary guide wheel  Guide
wheel consists of guide vanes  Which directs water to enter the
runner (which consists of vanes)  Water flows over the vanes sets
the runner to rotate.

 Main parts are:

1. Casing

2. Guide mechanism

3. Runner

4. Draft Tube
CASING - Water from the penstock enters the casing which is of
spiral shape. The area of cross section of the casing goes on
decreasing gradually.
 The casing completely surrounds the runner of the turbine.

 The casing and runner are always full of water.

 The casing is usually made of cast steel, plate steel, concrete etc.
GUIDE MECHANISM – It consist of a stationary circular wheel all
around the runner of the turbine.

 Stationary guide vanes are fixed on the guide mechanism.

 The guide vanes allow the water to strike without shock on the
vanes which are fixed on the runner.

 By some suitable arrangement, the width between the two adjacent

vanes of the guide mechanism can be altered thereby varying the
amount of water striking the runner.
RUNNER– It is a circular wheel, having series of radial curved vanes.

 The surface of the vanes are very smooth, and shaped in such a way
that water enters and leaved the runner without shock.

 The runner is keyed to the shaft.

 The runner are made of cast steel, cast iron or stainless steel.
Draft Tube – the pressure of at the exit of the runner of a reaction
turbine is generally less than atmospheric pressure.
 The water is discharged to the tail race through a pipe or tube of
gradually increasing area called the draft tube.

 The free end of the draft tube is submerged into the tail race.
 The draft tube partially convert discharge velocity into useful
pressure head.
 KAPLAN TURBINE
 If the vanes (3 to 8) fixed to the hub are adjustable, the turbine is
known as Kaplan Turbine, named after Victor Kaplan, an Austrian
Engineer.

 Kaplan Turbine are used when large quantity of water at low head is
available.
MAIN PARTS OF KAPLAN TURBINE

1. Scroll Casing

2. Guide Vane Mechanism

3. Hub with Vanes or Runner of the Turbine

4. Draft Tube
 The water from the penstock Enters the scroll casing Moves to
the guide vanes  Water turns through 90º Flows axially through
the runner Runner rotates Water get discharged to the tailrace
through the draft tube.