INTRODUCTION

• The bridge has an important meaning for everyone. However, the level of
importance is not the same for everyone, so it will be an interesting study
material. Bridges may not mean anything to people who live in the flat
plains region, not found their rivers, ravines, cliffs, or the circumstances in
which we are going to move, but there is a barrier in front of us. Instead,
the bridge is considered very needed by people who live in the area were
very difficult to reach, so the bridge is in need as a means of connecting
from one place to another.
• With the development of the times the bridge is not only seen as a means of
connecting between the one with the other, but rather as a means to
facilitate the activities of human beings, as well as assisting the
development of an area which has been difficult to access, especially
Indonesia as a developing country, access to the area - area or into town is
needed, with this bridge is very helpful it is.
 What Is A Bridge?
• The bridge is a structure that crosses the river, bay, or other
conditions such hurdles are lower, allowing the vehicle, trains
and pedestrians passed smoothly and safely.
• Definition of bridges in general is a construct that serves to
connect the two sections of road were interrupted by the
presence of obstacles such as deep valleys, ravines, lakes,
irrigation canals, times, railway, highway that ran not plot and
others.
 Any Benefits Of The Bridge?
1. Increase rate or economic growth of local communities.
2. The advent of economic activity in the form of delivery of goods
and services between the two places connected by the bridge.
3. The existence of passenger transport vehicles crossing the bridge
with the distance closer.
4. Their economic activity in the form of services and sale of goods
resting place typical of certain areas of the strategic point of sale.
5. Establishment of communication can strengthen the bonds of
brotherhood and peace among communities that exist between the
two regions.
6. Easily governmental efforts to ensure equal distribution of the
population welfare
7. Emergence of strategic areas to generate additional revenues from
road users.
Any Components Of The Bridge?

• Upper Structure (Superstructure)

• Bottom structure (substructures)
• The Foundations
 Upper Structure (Superstructure)

The structure of the bridge is a part that receives direct

expenses which include its own weight, dead loads, additional
dead load, traffic load of the vehicle, brake force, the burden
of pedestrians, etc. On the bridge structure generally includes:
– Pavement: backrest and backrest pole, sidewalk elevation
(Curb), and the floor slab pavement.
– Slab floor of the vehicle.
– Girder.
– Beams diaphragms.
– Stiffeners Association (wind bond, bond crosswise).
– Bearing.
 Bottom Structure (Substructures)
Beneath the bridge structure to function carry the whole load on the structure and other
expenses posed by soil pressure, water flow and drift, collision, friction on a pedestal and
so on. To then be distributed to the foundation. Furthermore, the loads are distributed by
the foundation to the subgrade. The structure under the bridge is generally where
appropriate:
a. The base bridge (abutments)
• Rear Wall (Back Wall),
• Retaining Walls,
• Wing Wall,
• Plate Stamping (Approach Slab),
• Console is short for jacking (Corbel),
• Pedestal (Bearing).
b. Bridge Piers (Pier)
• Head pillar (Pier Head),
• Pilar (Pier), which form the walls, columns, or portal,
• Console is short for jacking (Corbel),
• Pedestal (Bearing).
 The Foundations
The bridge foundations continue to work the entire burden of the bridge to
the subgrade. Based on his system, the foundation abutment or pier bridge
can be divided into several types, among others:
– Foundations palms (spread footing)
– Foundation sinks (caisson)
– Foundation pile (pile foundation)
• Column wooden stakes (Log Pile)
• Pole stake steel (Steel Pile)
• Poles concrete piles (Reinforced concrete Pile)
• Pole concrete piles prestressed precast (precast prestressed concrete
Pile)
• Poles cast concrete in place (concrete Cast in place)
• Pole stake composite (Compossite Pile)
 Any Types Of Bridges ?
• Based on the functions, bridges can be distinguished as
follows :
– Highway bridge.
– A railway bridge.

– Pedestrian bridges or crossings.

• Based on its location, the bridge can be distinguished as follows :
– Bridge over the river or lake.

– Bridge over the valley.

– Bridge over the existing road (flyover).

– Bridge over the canal irrigation / drainage (culverts).

– Bridge on the pier (jetty).
• Based on the materials of construction, the bridge can be divided into
several types :
– The Wooden Bridge (Log Bridge).

– Concrete Bridge.
– Prestressed Concrete Bridge.

– Bridge Steel.
– A Composite Bridge.
• Based on the type of structure, the bridge can be divided into several
types, among others:
– The slab bridge.

– Bridge plate hollow (voided slab bridge).

– Girder bridge.

– Bridge framework (truss bridge).

– Bridge arch.

– Suspension bridge.
– Cable stayed bridge.

– Cantilever bridge.
What A Difference A Wooden Bridge
With The Bridge Plate ?
1. Wooden Bridge
a. Excellence
• To make a bridge with a short span, the wood more easily formed, because it can be
cut into pieces, making it easier compared to the process by making bridges of
concrete or steel material.
• For some specific types of wood, the price required to obtain wood to make a
bridge (with a short span) cheaper than using concrete materials, steel.
• More environmentally friendly.
b. Weakness
• Because it comes from nature, we can not control the quality of the wood. Often we
find a good product defects caused sawn timber grew and error process if the result
of the product timber.
• Compared with concrete and steel materials, wood has its drawbacks associated
with endurance-durability (use of age). Wood can rot due to mold and excessive
water content, obsolete due to pest attacks and more flammable if ignited the fire.
• Not all areas easily in a timber at the desired quality.
2. Concrete Bridge
Some of the properties owned by the concrete so it can be compared to steel or
wood as building a bridge forming material is as follows :
– Security:
Material concrete material is safe if it is associated with the danger of collision
/ impact, fire and wind. Concrete and even has a resistance to extremely high
temperatures without losing the ability of the structural integrity.
– Prices
In general, the price of the concrete material in the world is relatively stable,
with fluctuations in the price of the material making up concrete too big, even
fluctuations in prices for concrete reinforcing steel was not much affect the
price significantly reinforced concrete. Especially for large-scale projects and
in the long term, predicted a profit loss more predictable project contract.
– Design Flexibility
Given the nature of concrete is formed, a variety of display according to taste
and the art can be met. Various forms of concrete building structures to
accommodate the wishes of the architect, so often found sruktur buildings or
other property with very high aesthetic value.