Cecile N. Hurley
Chapter 5
Gases
Chapter Outline
• (5.1) Measurements on gases
• (5.2) The Ideal Gas Law
• (5.3) Gas law calculations
• (5.4) Stoichiometry of gaseous reactions
• (5.5) Gas mixtures: Partial pressures and mole
fractions
• (5.6) Kinetic theory of gases
• (5.7) Real gases
28.32 L
• volume in L 10.00 ft × 3
3
= 283.2 L
1 ft
1 atm 760 mm Hg
11.2 psi × × = 579 mm Hg
14.7 psi 1 atm
1g 1 mol
• mol CO2 13.6 oz × × = 8.77mol
0.03527 oz 44.01 g
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The Ideal Gas Law
• Volume is directly proportional to amount
• V = k1n (constant T, P)
• Volume is directly proportional to absolute
temperature
• V = k2T (constant n, P)
• Relation was first suggested by French scientists,
Jacques Charles and Joseph Gay-Lussac
• Referred to as Charles’s and Gay-Lussac’s law, or
simply Charles’s law
k3
• V= (constant n, T)
P
• k3 is a constant
• Equation is of an inverse proportionality
• First established by Robert Boyle
• Equation is a form of Boyle’s law
L × atm
• Units of R: R = 0.0821
mol × K
2(1.008) g H
0.932 g H 2 O × = 0.104 g
18.02 g H 2 O
• Atomic ratios
0.0515 0.104 0.0173
C: = 3; H: = 6; O: =1
0.0173 0.0173 0.0173
• Simplest formula
• C3H6O
mass H 2 O 2
MM
mol H 2 O 2
stoichiometric
ratio
moles O 2
nRT/P
volume of oxygen
PA n A
=
Ptot n tot
PA = X A Ptot
3RT
Et =
2N A
• Notes
• R is the gas constant
• T is the temperature in Kelvin
• NA is the Avogadro’s number
• MMX
n 1/2 1/2
32.0 s = MM MM X
1.50 =
X
n
39.95 g/mol 39.95 g/mol
48.0 s
2
MM
1/2
MM X
1.50 =
2 X
2.25 = MM X = 89.9 g/mol
39.95 g/mol 39.95 g/mol