KEITH NESTER A.

LAVIN
 DEFINE
REPRODUCTIVE
HEALTH

 UNDERSTAND THE
CONCEPTS ON
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
 VALUETHE IMPORTANCE
OF REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
 PERIOD SIGNIFICANT EVENTS
•Begins when adolescence reaches
maximum height
Early (young) •Girls –age 20 yr
Adulthood •Boys – age 22 yr
•Lasts until age 40 yr
adolescence to adulthood
(experimentation and
exploration )
Middle Adulthood •Ages 40-60 yrs
Late (old) •Age 60 until death
Adulthood
 reproductive
processes,
functions, and system
"Health is a state of complete physical, mental,
and social well-being and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity"
(World Health Organization, 1947, p. 1)

The ability of living things to maintain

constancy of their internal milieu despite
changes in the environment
(Claude Bernard)
It implies that
 Couples have the ability to reproduce and
regulate their fertility
 Women are able to go through pregnancy and
child birth safely
 Outcome of the pregnancy is successful in
terms of maternal and infant survival and well
– being.
 Couples are able to have free sexual relations
free of the fear of pregnancy and of
contracting any disease.
Within That Framework, WHO says:
“Reproductive health addresses the
reproductive processes, functions,
and system at all stages of life.

It implies:
- responsible , satisfying, and safe sex
life
- capability to reproduce and the freedom
to decide if, when, and how often to do
so.”
WHO Goes on to Say:
The right of men and women:
•To be informed
•Have access to safe, effective, affordable,
and acceptable methods of fertility
regulation of their choice
•Right of access to appropriate health
care services for safe pregnancy and
childbirth and provide couples with the
best chance of having a healthy infant.
Contraception  Gender-based
violence
Safe pregnancy
Maternal health  Female genital
mutilation
Infant and child  Adolescent
health pregnancy
Sexually transmitted  Child marriage
infections
 And others…
What Are Some of the Differences
Between RH for Men and RH for
Women?

 Biological differences: Females get

pregnant, men don’t

 Power dynamics often skewed

toward males
What Are Some of the Ways in
Which RH is Similar for Men and
for Women?
 Females and males both need
RH
 Many women, men, girls, and
boys don’t like to talk about it
 Females and males can both get
sexually transmitted infections
How Can RH Affect a Community’s
or a Country’s Development?

 Population size, growth, and density

affect environment and natural
resources
 RH can affect workers’ productivity
and economic growth
Can We Measure Reproductive
Health?
WHO uses 17 indicators, including:
 Total fertility rate  Facilities with
 Contraceptive basic obstetric
prevalence care

 Maternal mortality  Perinatal deaths

 Births attended by  Low birth
skilled health weight
professionals
Where Is the News in Reproductive
Health?
Some examples:
 Rights approach: Are someone’s
rights being violated?
 Impact of high fertility and population
growth
 Drug stock outs: Why does the local
health clinic run out of contraceptive
supplies and what are the
consequences when it does?
 Updates in Reproductive Health in the
Philippines
1. Hontiveros slams Duterte for ‘irresponsible’
remarks on condoms
Inquirer.Net/ 06:36 PM February 15, 2018)

• “May pills libre. ‘Wag ‘yang condom kasi hindi masarap

‘yang condom,”
(There are free pills. Do not use condom because it’s
not pleasurable.)

• “Hindi, totoo. Hindi ako nagpapatawa. Harap nga ng

ating Republika eh,” he added.
(No, it’s true. I’m not joking in front of our Republic.)
•In his speech, Duterte compared the Philippines
to Japan, which has an aging population because
women “refuse” to have children.

•The Philippines, on the other hand, is

overpopulated, which is why jobs in the country
are scarce.
•“Eh ang Pilipino, walang alam ‘yan basta
rapapapapappapap — 110 million kaya mahirap
ang buhay,” Duterte said.
(But Filipinos know nothing but to [reproduce]—
110 million [population], that’s why life is hard.)
 Updates in Reproductive Health in the
Philippines
2. UN, WHO: Reproductive health in the
Philippines lags behind ASEAN neighbors CNN
Philippines (March 5, 2016)

a. Two (2) out of three (3) Filipinas are not using

any form of birth control,

b. one in four women get pregnant within a year

because they prefer using traditional over
modern contraception.
c. Unintended pregnancies
= maternal or perinatal deaths and unsafe abortions.

Philippines has decreased maternal deaths

152 per 100,000 live births in 1990 to 114 in 2015,

the country still fell short of the Millennium

Development Goals (MDG) target of 52 deaths per
100,000 live births.

d. Klaus Beck emphasized that females who had their

first sexual encounter, 78 percent of them are
unprotected,”

*Klaus Beck - country representative of the United Nations

Population Fund (UNFPA) in the Philippines.
e. WHO common reasons for not choosing
modern contraception:
•unfounded fear of side effects,
•opposition from religious groups,
•lack of knowledge, and
•lightly taking the risk of pregnancy.

f. According to Beck
“There is still a large unmet need for family
planning among women, particularly the poorest
of the poor who are having an average of up to
three children more than they would want.”
Government not supportive
•According to the Philippine Commission on
Population (POPCOM), all these result from the
indecisiveness of political leaders. (Juan
Antonio Perez III, executive director of
POPCOM.)
•RH advocates are pushing for the full
implementation of the law, which guarantees
access to reproductive health care and sex
education.
•But at the start of 2016, lawmakers removed
the P1 billion budget for contraceptives.