INVESTIGATIVE PROJECT

INVESTIGA
TIVE
PROJECT
SCIENCE IS THINKING

The heart of learning is inquiry

The heart of inquiry is curiosity and
imagination
The heart of curiosity and
imagination is
CRITICAL THINGKING and CREATIVE
THINKING

Carmelita M. Yomo
 MECHANICS OF THE
INVESTIGATIVE PROJECT
The science investigative project is a yearlong
endeavour and is divided in three phases.
Each phase has corresponding points to be
included in every grading period.
 TIME TABLE OF
INVESTIGATORY PROJECT
To allocate the amount of time each
phase can be done
 Phase 1
June (4th week) INPUT : Module on Investigatory
Project
July (1st week) TOPIC PROPOSALS (3-5 TOPICS)
(Problem and significance of the study)
July (2nd week) PROBLEM, OBJECTIVES and
HYPOTHESIS
July (3rd week) PRELIMINARY ORAL DEFENSE
July(4th week) RELATED LITERATURE
AUGUST (1st week) METHODOLOGY
AUGUST(2ND week) PHASE 1 REPORT
 PHASE II
• SEPTEMBER (4th week)
PROGRESS REPORT ON DATA
AND RESULTS
OCTOBER (4th week)
PROGRESS REPORT ON DATA
AND RESULTS
NOVEMBER (3rd week)
REPORT
 REPORT
IV. PRESENTATION OF DATA AND RESULTS
(Textual/Graphical/Tabular)

ANALYSIS OF DATA AND RESULTS

(Interpretation/Statistical Analysis)
 PHASE III
VI. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATION
VII. LITERATURE CITED
VIII. BIBLIOGRAPHY
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
DECEMBER (2nd week)
FINAL ORAL DEFENSE
JANUARY (1st week)
FINAL WRITTEN REPORT
II. WRITING THE SCIENTIFIC
PAPER
This is a writing guide that describes the
major features of scientific writing. This
guide applies to most scientific papers and
journals and is the format you are
expected to follow. Scientific writing
differs from literary writing in many
respects as will be noted. As a method of
communication, the paper should be
observe clear, concise, organized and
accurate presentation of ideas,
methodology and data. A scientific paper
is intended to be studied and used as
reference; it is not merely to be read.
Format of a Research Project

Title
Introduction
Review of Related Literature
Experimental Design
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
Summary and Recommendations
Literature cited
Bibliography
 Title
The title should be self-explanatory. It should
focus on the subject and variables studied.
Choose a concise descriptive title complete
enough to include the main topics needed for
making a subject index in an abstract journal.
Select these topics with the aim of giving
definite ideas as to the exact contents of your
scientific name of the organisms in the title.
Include all important nouns under which your
paper should be indexed, but preferably limit
the title to 10 words. Place the moral important
words near the beginning of the title, so that the
subject may be seen at a glance.
 Some Winning Science
Projects:
• Photoperiod’s Effect on Productivity & Nutrient
Update
• Watch out. Ortho!
• It’s a Trap! Anomalies of the Electrolytic
Oxidation of Aluminium
• Interaction Between Sound and Liquid Crystals
• Where Have all the Beaches Gone?
• Mosquito Control via Acoustic Larvicide :
Pesticide-free Solution
 INTRODUCTION
The introduction is divided into the
following subheadings:
A. Background of the Study
B. Statement of the Problem
C. Purpose of the Study
D. Significance of the Study
E. Scope and Limitation of the Study
F. Hypothesis/Hypotheses
 Background of the Study
• This statement(s) of the origin of the problem;
how the germ of the idea was born. It is an
account describing the circumstances which
suggested the research.
• It may include a justification of the selection or
choice of the study.
• To also includes literature citations that will
give you/reader a background information on
the problem.
Statement of the Problem

• This is a statement of the specific

problem(s) you are trying to
answer.
• May consist of a major several
minor problems. The problem(s)
stated should be an outcome of a
situation that needs to be
resolved.
 Purpose of The Study
• A statement of the objectives of the
Investigation
• In stating the objectives you should be
guided by these two pointers:
a) Decide what you really want to do
b) State the objectives clearly and completely
Significance of The Study
• This should state why the problem
investigated is important and what
significance the results have
• It should include a statement on the
relevance to felt needs, the
potential contribution of the
research to new knowledge and
policy implications and other
possible uses for the results.
 Scope and Limitation of the
Study
• This should include the specific coverage of
the problem, the nature of any subject
treated, their number, instrumentation or
design. The scope is expected to indicate a
reasonable area of study which is large
enough to be significant but narrow enough
to permit careful treatment. Limitations
refer to weaknesses.
Hypothesis/Hypotheses
• A hypothesis is an informed and shrewd
guess or inference with a reasonable
change of being right, formulated and
tentatively adopted to explain observed
facts or conditions and to guide in
further investigations. The requisites of
a good a hypothesis
1. Clear and unequivocal.
2. Specific and testable.
3. It should be consistent and related to
all known facts.
4. It should be related to available
techniques. Another procedure is to
state the null hypothesis.
Review of Related Literature
• Sufficient background information should
be presented for readers to understand and
evaluate the results of the present study.
Only the most important studies and
theories written on the topic should be
included.
 Methodology
• Provides enough details so that a
competent worker can repeat the
experiments
• Material and Equipment – The exact
technical specifications, quantities and
source of method of preparation for
all materials should be given.
Specifically built equipment used in
the study must be described and the
description accompanied by a picture.
• Treatment and general procedure –
The manner and sequence by which each
experiment of sets of observation were done
and how measurements were obtained
should be described in detail. Avoid using
the ‘recipe style’ when starting the step-by-
step procedure. Use the narrative form in
the past form.
 Results and Discussion
• This may be divided into sub-sections
describing each set of experiment or
observation.
• A) Findings – the data may be presented
in full and discussed descriptively in the
text or these maybe summarized in
tables, pictures and graphs. The
statistical test used to determine the
possible significance of the findings
should be described. Tables, pictures
and graphs the presentation of the data
more meaningful.
• B) Analysis of Data – the interpretation of
the findings is discussed and the significant
features shown in the table, figures or
graphs are pointed out.
 Conclusions
• The GENERAL TRUTH implied or
illustrated by the results should be
clearly stated. The evidence based
on the results should be
summarized for each statement.
 Recommendations
• Consists of suggestions on future actions such
as a new direction of each research or future
experiments to be performed, practices that
might be adapted or discarded in order to
attain certain goals or objectives.
 Bibliography
• A list of the references used in
guiding the research work and
writing the paper.
III. Elements of A Project
1. Project Data Book – It is your most treasured
piece of work. Accurate and detailed notes make
logical and it shows consistency and
thoroughness to the judges.
2. Abstract
After finishing the research and
experimentation, you are required
to write (maximum) 250-word, one-
page abstract. An abstract includes
the
 Research Paper
• A good paper includes the sections
identified in the following format of the
write up.
• A. Title Page
• B. Abstract
• C. Acknowledgement
• D. Table of Contents
• E. Introduction
• F. Methodology
• G. Results and discussion
• H. Conclusions
• I. Recommendation
• J. Bibliography
 IN A NUTSHELL

• “ All men by nature desire to know”

Aristotle, Methaphysics
Thank
You