RENAISSAN

CE PERIOD
Nica
BRINGS CHANGE 

<3 Renaissance , in
french is

Re-Birth
YAY!!!! CHANGE 
 OPTIMISM

 CREATIVITY

 CREATIVITY
GREECE AND ROME

learning began
1300.
LASTED LONG

FOURTEEN
CENTURY TO
SIXTEEN CENTURY
…. INFLUENCE CONTINUED
EVEN LONGER
DIFFERENCES W/ MIDDLE AGE
Renewed appreciation of arts
and learning of ancient Greece
and Rome

 Growing emphasis on human life

and accomplishments
 The middle age institution didn’t disappear,
but it became more MODERN
SCHOLARS AND HUMANITIES
 LATIN AND GREEK
 Language
 Composition
 Rhetoric

History
 Philosophy

Called humanist
ANCIENT GREEK AND ROMANS
 good models to be followed

 search monasteries and libraries

 their literature, exciting to

read, beautiful to read
ANCIENT GREEK AND ROMANS

 GRACEFUL
AND
ELOQUENT WRITERS
BEGINS IN ITALY
 1930

 Northern Italian City-States

BEGINS IN ITALY
Italian Bankers and and
Merchant had the wealth to
acquire:

Libraries
Fine works of Art
THEY ENCOURAGE

art

 Literature

 scholarship
REMINDERS OF ANCIENT ROME
 amphitheathers

 Monumen

 Sculptures

INTEREST ON

 CLASSICAL CULTURE
FRANCESCO PETRARCH
 ITALIAN POET

 He imitated Roman writing style

 Loves writing more than Relaxing

<3
FRANCESCO PETRARCH
 Studied Roman literature and encourage
others to do the same thing

He discovered a
number of Roman authors whose work has
been forgotten during the
Middle Ages
LIFE ON EARTH
 Tried to understand the
ENTIRE CIVILIZATION

GREEK AND ROMAN guide

to a
joyous, successful way of life
LIFE ON EARTH
 Preparation for an
afterlife

 Livinglife on earth as
fully as possible
CRITICALLY STUDY HISTORY
 HELPS THEM UNDERSTAND

THEIR OWN TIMES.

FOUND MISTAKES
 Discovered
mistakes that
medieval scribed had
made in copying the text.

 forgeries
P0LITICS ARE IMPORTANT
 Active in politics
INTENSE!!!

 The skills valuable for social and political

leader:
 eloquent in communicating ideas
 effective public speaking
 polished manners
 elegant writing styles
NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI
 A diplomat

 Student of Politics

 Set up guidelines for rulers of his time

 Believed that a ruler shall

do whatever to gain and

keep power
THE PRINCE

written by Machiavelli
 Pointed out that successful
rulers often lied, broke
treaties, and killed in order to
gain and keep power
WEALTHY PATRON SUPPORTS
 WEALTHY CITIES:
 florence
 Milan
 venice

 Noble families and high ranking clergy

became patrons and supporters of arts
SUPPORTERS
 Renaissance artist
-depend for their livelihoods
on wealthy patrons

Noble families and high

ranking clergy became patrons and
supporters of arts
MEDICI FAMILY
 Coming from Florence, Cultural
Center of Italy

 bankers , who had branches

throughout Western Europe
MEDICI FAMILY
 Active in politics

 Cosimo de’ Medici founded the

Platonic Academy in Florence

- center of studies of Greek
philosophy
MEDICI FAMILY
 Cosimno’s Grandson Lorenzo, the most
well known in the Medici family, also
called as
“ THE MAGNIFICENT”
 CLASSICAL SCHOLAR
 ARCHITECT
 TALENTED POET
THE MAGNIFICENT
 Leading patron of art
 Hired painters, sculptors for their palace

 Artist, painters, philosophers at his court.

 Expanded the University

- Opportunity for the young people to study
classical literature
WOMEN OF THE WEALTHY
 UPPER CLASS WOMEN
well educated in classical
languages and literature, and
took some an active behind-the-
scenes role in politics
ISABELLE D’ESTE
 Studied the humanities w/ sister
BEATRICE

 READ AND SPEAK latin and greek

Father is translated plays by Roman

dramatist

Mother was an art collector

ISABELLA
 Married Francesco Gonzaga
 ruler of a small state in Northern
Italy

A special room was built to display

paintings she commissioned.
 “THE FIRST WOMAN
OF THE WORLD
 Herown learning and
her encouragement of
the arts made Isabella
known .
ENCOURAGES DEVT. OF
TALENTS
 Intense appreciation of individualism


Like Romans, they were

fame and
ambitious for
worldly success.
TALENTS 

Like Greeks, they believed human
beings could

 ACHIEVE GREAT THINGS

TALENTS TALENTS
 ENCOURAGED
A spirit
curiosity and adventure

Wealth and Leisure To devt.

Talents
TALENTS
talk with charm , create
paintings and sculpture,
perform music, write poetry,
and essay, and the fluent in
several languages, including
latin
PRINTING SPREAD

 Johann Gutenberg, a German,

is usually credited with printing the first
book, a copy of the Bible.

 Used to be only for religious books, but soon

used for other books also
1500. HUNDREDS OF PRINTERS
 New ideas available to a
much larger audience

 100,000 books before the

printing

 By 1500, 9 MILLION
VERNACULAR, RATHER THAN
LATIN

MANY PEOPLE WERE ABLE

TO READ THE BOOKS THAT
PRINTING MADE AVAILABLE
IDEAS SPREAD: NORTHERN
EUROPE
 Desiderius Erasmus

He traveled widely meeting with

other scholars and encouraging the
new interest in the humanities in
Holland and Belgium, the German
states, and England.
ERASMUS
 FIRSTauthor
whose books were
read by thousands of
people
PRAISE OF FOLLY
 Criticizescholars,
scientist, philosophers
and clergy :
 NARROW MINDED
SIR THOMAS MORE
 English statesman
 Close friends w/ Erasmus
 Encouraged Erasmus to
study Greek
 Devoted Catholic
UTOPIA

 Described an ideal, peaceful

society, and so conveyed More’s
criticism of the politics, society,
and religion of his time
IF YOU DON’T UNDERSTAND
 HUMANIST : derived from Latin word,
umanista,

 TEACHER OF HUMANITIES
LET’S LINK PAST TO PRESENT
HEY !!do you know Venice ??????   

Venice gathered many tourist all

over the world from past till
now. 
Spice, gold and other prized goods passed
by Venetian merchants and bankers.
> Crusaders passed by.
SPIRIT: LITERATURE AND ART

Ancient history and

Classical Mythology

FOCUS:HUMAN BEINGS
STYLE
 Adapted styles from the :
Greek and Roman

IMPORTANT POINTS:
. Realism

. Individualism
FRANCOIS REBELAIS

Encouraged a busy life

let nothing be

“

unknown to you”
HE’S A….
 Monk
 Scholar
 Physician
 Writer
 ------
 French
GARGANTUA & PANTAGRUEL
 MADE FUN !! Ha,ha! To:

Humanist point of view

 book combined of
HUMOR, IMAGINATION, EXCITING
ADVENTURES W/ SCHOLARSHIP
MICHEAL DE MONTAIGNE
 Personal thoughts and interest
QUIET LIFE

 WROTE SHORT
 CONVERSATIONAL STYLE

Published 1580
Influenced European Modern Times.
CERVANTES MOCKS MEDIEVAL
 MIGUEL CERVANTES SAAVEDRA

 Soldieragainst Turkish
 5 years in prison, pirates of North
Africa
 Spanish tax collector
DON QUIXOTE
 Book written by Cervantes
 1605

 Masterpiece

Gave wealth to Cervantes

 mocked the way Medieval chilvary
distorted reality
DON QUIXOTE
Kind , elderly gentleman who
spends so much time reading
medieval tales that he loses his
sense of reality.
 Blinded to the

reality
SHAKESPEARE
 World’s finest dramatist
 Greatest Writer in English
Language 
 HUMANITY

Explored human behavior and

feelings
SHAKESPEARE
 Not a scholar, but a playwright
and an actor

 Interested on ancient world

 played all human feelings: joy,

love, greed, jealousy, ambition,
rage, sorrow
SEVERAL PLAYS
 Julius Ceasar
 Antony
 Cleopatra

> Drew on Greek and Roman history. Other

takes place in Renaissance Italy and in
medival England , Scotland, and Denmark
POTRAYING INDIVIDUAL
 Greek Mythology
 Bible
 Church History
 Politicians
 Patrons of Arts
 Ordinary Busy people
 Writers

UNIQUENESS : EMPHASIZED
NEW MATERIALS
 Tempera: dried too quickly so they cannot
changed what they already painted

 Oil painting: developed by Flemish painter,

Jan van Eyck:
for likely effects
SLOWLY

Artist began to use oil paint to produce

masterpiece
RAPHAEL MASTER OF DESIGN
 Combined religious art and
renaissance spirit

 Picture of MARY, mother of Jesus

 - drew a lovely woman

Very good at grouping figures

effectively
MICHEALANGELO BUONAROTTI
 LASTING MASTERPIECES

 Painting, sculpture, architecture

 Greatly admired ancient Greek and Roman

sculpture
 The Greatest SCULPTOR OF
RAINASSANCE
“THE FIRST OF ARTS”
 each act, each limb, each

bone isgiven life ,

and loman’s body is raised
breathing, alive, in wax,
clay or stone.
LEONARDO FULFILLS
 Less famous than Michealangelo in his time.


Is now regarded as UNIVERSAL GENIUS
 HAD HUGE CURIOSITY AND ENERGY


the Last Supper & Mona Lisa
MORE OF LEONARDO DA VINCI
 Dependent of the patron

 Leonardo's work at the court of

the French King Francis I
helped spread Renassaince
ideas from Italy to France
LEONARDO: GENIUS
 notebook he left, proof.

 drawings of muscles and bones

 his nature views became

important in the shaping of
modern scientific investigation.
GENIUS LEONARDO
 Engineer
 Scientist
 Inventor

 flying machines, submarines,

machine guns

 - these drawings are so precise that modern

engineers have used them to build working
models.
NORTHERN: REALISTIC
 Emphasized :
 PRECISE, REALISTIC DETAIL.
 Used of light and shadow
 religious signs and symbols
 Dutch contemporary life
 Netherlands: van Erck oil paint
PEITER BRUEGHEL
 GREATEST PAINTER OF
REALISTIC
CONTEMPORARY SCENE

 DETAIL
 HUMOR
 DRAMATIC PAINTINGS OF FARMERS,
 TOWNSPEOPLE: WORK & PLAY
JAN VERMEER & JACOB
RUISDALE
 continued the tradition of painting carefully
LANDSCAPES AND
detailed

INTERIOR SCENES

Light and Color

Dramatically shown: people and
place
LEADING GERMAN ARTIST
 Albercht Durer
 Paintings, woodcuts, engravings
 friends w/ Erasmus

 HOLY ROMAN EMPEROR

PAINTER 1512-1528
HANS HOLBEIN
 Was the most famous portrait painter of his
time (1497-1543)

 illustrated numerous books, included

ERAMUS’ PRAISE OF FOLLY,
 Moved to England and became court painter
for King Henry VIII in 1536
REFORMATION ENDS
RELIGIOUS UNITY

Nica
Cheska
REFORMERS
 QUESTION,
CHALLENGED the
authority of the
church
JOHN WYCLIFFE
 Said the Bible, not the Church
: source of authority for Christians

Wrote severe criticism of the papacy.

Denounced bishops and other clergy for
amassing wealth and neglecting their
religious duties
JOHN WYCLIFFE
 Could read the Bible for them selves

 His followers made the first complete

translation of the Bible in English

 Poor preachers: teaching in their

language, not in Latin

 HERESY.
HUSS CRITICIZE THE CHURCH
 John Huss, influenced of Wycliffe, head of
the University of Prague in Bohemia

 Challenged the authority of the Pope and the

church’s wealth

 The people agreed, Church got mad

 Arrested and found guilty of heresy

HUSSITES
 rebellion against church

 Army crusade against them

 Went on with their efforts to

secure Church reform
MARTIN LUTHER <3 GRACE
 Taught Biblical studies at he University of
Wittenberg

 He was so scared about not entering heaven

 After an intense emotional struggle, he

came to believe that only by

GOD’S GRACE, WE CAN BE

SAVE
MARTIN LUTHER
 GOOD
WORKS:
WOULDN’T BRING YOU
TO HEAVEN

 FAITH AND GRACE

LUTHER CHANGES THE CHURCH
 DIRECT TALKING AND CONFESSING TO GOD

 Should read the Bible to find the path

 Cleargy should be allowed to be married

 He questioned the sale of indulgence

LUTHER DEFIES THE POPE AND
THE EMPEROR
 Speeches and writing won more
followers

 German princes
CHARLES V
 Holy roman emperor

 Here I stand, I cannot do otherwise

 Hid, and translated New Testament into

German for more people to read the Bible
PROTESTANT SPREADS
 Germans

 Attracted by Luther’s belief that each person

can communicate directly to God

 became PROTESTANT

 GERMAN PRINCES: INDEPENDENCE from the

Holy Roman Emperor

 Movement: Reformation
RELIGION WAR BREAKS OUT

 The division into Protestant

and Roman Catholic became
a major barrier to German
unity.
CALVINISM
 PREDESTINATION:
belief that certain people were chosen by God
for salvation.

 Those who are not chosen cannot go.

IN GENEVA
 Important center of Protestant thinking

 “INSTITUTES OF THE
CHRISTIAN RELIGION”:
Where John Calvin, explained the doctrine of
Calvinism
IN EUROPE
 Dedicated missionaries
 French rulers remained catholic,
made French whom were already
Protestant


Huguenots : French Calvanists
JOHN KNOX
 Scottland

 Presbyterian Church ,
“reformed church”

 - Holland, Hungary, Bohemia

ENGLISH KINGS : POPE
 Henry VIII, Tudor King
 Connected struggle for political power

 divorce w/ his wife, Spanish princess

CATHERINE OF AARAGON

 Church prohibited Divorce

THOMAS CRANMER

 churchman who agreed with some

Protestants ideas
 Approved the annulment of the marriage
with Catherine and Henry VIII and Herny
married to Anne Boleyn in 1533
HENRY VIII
 Remained Catholic, but
free of Pope’s authority
 Act Supremacy
ENGLANDS BECOMES
PROTESTANT
 Henry VIII: married 6 times and only had one
son

 Edward VI:
 Son
 Poor health
 Ruled for 6 years
CATHOLIC AGAIN, BUT PEOPLE
REFUSED
 Half sister, Mary I was given the position

 - devout Catholic

 persecuted English Protestants who

refused to become Catholics again.

 Married Philip II, the Catholic King of

Spain
ENGLAND : PROTESTANT
COUNTRY
 Mary died in 1558

 Succeeded , half sister , Elizabeth I , the

daughter of Anne Boleyn

 Understanding of English people

 Turned England back to Protestant

 39 articles, doctrines of the Church of England

CHANGE WITHIN THE CHURCH
 Rulers alarmed

 Only the Church could explain the Bible

 Both faith and good works necessary
 Pope highest and final authority


sale of
Banned the

INDULGENCE
CATHOLIC CHURCH ACTIONS
 Threatening Protestants in those countries
w/ imprisonment or death.

 drew up list of books , forbidden to read

 missionaries, worked double time.

IGNATIUS LOYOLA
 Jesuits

 young Spanish nobleman

 approved by Pope III in 1540

 keep Catholics

 Persuade them to go back to church

LASTING EFFECTS
 Protestants rejected the authority of the
Pope
 Catholic rulers allowed the Church fewer
privileges and less say political matters.

 spread of education: Catholic schools and

Universities

 Protestants , encouragement of people to

read their Bibles

HARD
WORK
NICA
AND
CHESK