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Understanding Diabetes
O Complex disease
O Digestion breaks down
carbohydrates sugar
(glucose)
O Sugar bloodstream
O Insulin moves sugar into
cells for energy
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Definition of terms
O “blood sugar” = “ blood glucose”
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Body Function Without Diabetes
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Type 1 vs. Type 2 Diabetes
No insulin (key) means that sugar Insulin (key) cannot unlock the cell
cannot enter the cell. door. Insulin resistance or inability of
body to use insulin.
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Type 1 Diabetes
O Insulin-producing cells are destroyed
O Daily insulin replacement necessary
O Age at onset: usually childhood, young
adulthood
O Most common type of diabetes in children
and adolescents
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Type 1 Diabetes
Onset of diabetes: can happen relatively
quickly
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Management Goal
O Diabetes is managed but does not go away
O Goal is to maintain a target glucose range
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Diabetes Management
Making Diabetes a Part of Life
O Insulin/Medication
O Physical Activity
O Food Intake
O Other Factors
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What a Child Needs?
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What a Child Deals With?
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Hypoglycemia Unawareness
O Their body can not tell the child the blood
sugar is low
O “I just feel funny”
O The child might simply be distracted
O You know a child is just not acting right
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Honeymoon Phase
O Not all newly diagnosed individuals
experience the Honeymoon Phase
O Can last for weeks up to 2 years
O We can not let our guard down
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Example of Target Range For Type 1
Diabetes
O Preschool and Kindergarten (3-5 yrs.)
O Before meals, blood sugar range 100mg/dl-180
O The target range is always “ordered” by Health Care
Provider
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Management Priorities
Preschool –Middle School (3-12 yrs.)
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Example of Target Range For Type 1
Diabetes
O Adolescents and young adults (13-19 yrs.)
O Before meals 90mg/dL-130mg/dL
O Always Health Care Provider Ordered