INTRODUCTION

ECOSYSTEM & ABIOTIC

FACTORS

Christia Meidiana
 Definitions
 Ecosystem  all the organisms in an area and all of
the abiotic factors that affect them.
 Pengetahuan ttg ekosistem dan keterkaitan antar
komponen dalam suatu ekosistem sangat
bermanfaat dalam penentuan tindakan preservasi,
perlindungan, pengelolaan lingkungan alami
 Abiotic factors
 the non-living Components of the Environment
 Abiotic Factors
 Sunlight
 Water
 Temperature
 Wind
 Soil/substrate
 Special events such as:
 Fires, Hurricanes, Floods, Volcanic eruptions,
Tsunamis
 Other Abiotic Factors
 Temperature  affects the distribution of plants and
animals.
 Rules  temperature are lower as you move towards the
poles or as you climb in elevations.
 arctic or sub-arctic plant communities can be found at high
elevations in the tropics.
 In the tropics  very little seasonal change and many
organisms have a narrow range of temperature tolerance.
 Calcium: The lack of availability of calcium will restrict the
distribution of land snails. If there is no calcium a shell
can’t be secreted.
 Sand: the size of the sand grains in the soil can impact
animal that are burrowers.
PHYSICAL ELEMENT: EARTH
DYNAMICS & HIDROLOGY
 Earth Dynamics

The unequal heating of the earth’s surface leads to the global patterns of rainfall
and winds.
 Prevailing wind patterns, set ocean currents in
motion.

 The patterns of wind flow

 Ocean currents are created
by the flow of winds, and
cause great patterns of
circular flow in the oceans.
The Gulf Stream is one
such current. Without the
heat in this mass of water,
the climate of northern
Europe would be much
cooler. This would alter
the biological communities
found there.
Earth Dynamics
 Regional climate affects
biological communities

The atmosphere has a tremendous effect on the

distribution of plants and animals. Global patterns
of air circulations affect rainfall patterns and the
prevailing wind directions. Changes in air circulation
over the Pacific Ocean can lead to events, such as El
Nino, which have global effects (i.e. torrential rains
in the Andes and severe drought in Australia)
 Lapisan Bumi

 Crust
 Mantle
 Core
Bagian Bumi  Inner & Outer

Internal Outer
 Lapisan Bumi
 Crust
 Ketebalan + 33 km dari permukaan daratan & 10 km dari dasar
samudra  bervariasi dari 1-70 km secara global
 Mantle
 Kedalaman 2891 km (radius of 3480 km) dari crust
 Dibagi menjadi:
 Mantle bag. atas (crust to 400 km depth)
 Zona transisi (400 – 700 km depth)
 Mid-mantle (700 to about 2650 km depth)
 Mantle bag. Bawah (2650 – 2891 km depth)
 Core
 Outer
 Inner
 Lapisan Terluar Bumi
1. Atmosfer
 Terdiri dr 78% N2 & 21% O2, & sebag. kecil gas2 lain i.e. CO2
(0.035%) & uap air
2. Hidrosfer
 Jumlah total massa air di permukaan bumi
 Air meliputi 71% permukaan bumi. Sekitar 98% merupakan
lautan. 2% berupa sungai, danau, air tanah & glasier
3. Biosfer
 Bagian dari bumi dimana makhluk hidup eksis.
 1.6 juta spesies yg teridentifikasi & dperkirakan 3 jt lebih blm
teridentifikasi
 Distribusi kehidupan bumi ditentukan oleh temperature,
tekanan & lingkungan lokal
Atmosfer
Hidrosfer
Biosfer
Biosfer
Biosfer
 Earth’s Internal Structure
Layers based on physical
Properties:
1. lithosphere,
 tdr dr crust & rigid rock
2. asthenosphere,
 rock is soft and weak
3. mesosphere,
4. outer core,
 a layer of molten metal,
mainly Ni & Fe
5. inner core
 a solid sphere of metal,
mainly Ni & Fe
Earth’s Internal Structure
 Kiri:
 berdasar komposisi
kimia

 Kanan:
 Berdasar elemen fisik
 rigidity, plasticity, and
whether it is solid/liquid.
 Major Features of Continent

1. Shields
2. Stable platfforms
3. Folded mountain belts