IMPORTANCE

OF
HYDROGEN
BONDING TO
PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES
DENSITY
SURFACE
TENSION
1.1.A A dropOFofWATER
DROP waterASSUMES
assumes the
THE shape
SHAPE OFof a small
A SMALL round
ROUND
BEAD bead
ON A onFORaEXAMPLE,
for example,
WAXYwaxy surface
SURFACE OF Aof a leaf
LEAF
because
BECAUSE there
THERE is little
IS LITTLE ORorNO
noATTRACTION
attraction between polar
BETWEEN POLAR
water molecules and non-polar wax molecules.
WATER MOLECULES AND NON-POLAR WAX MOLECULES.

2. Water adheres weakly to wax but strongly to itself.

Surface
2. WATER tension
ADHERES gives TO
WEAKLY water
WAXtheir near spherical
BUT STRONGLY shape
TO ITSELF.
because
SURFACE a sphere
TENSION has
GIVES the THEIR
WATER smallest possible
NEAR surface
SPHERICAL
area to
SHAPE BECAUSE A SPHERE volume
HAS ratio. POSSIBLE
THE SMALLEST
SURFACE AREA TO VOLUME RATIO.
Surface tension :
1. a measure of the elastic force in the
surface of a liquid.
2. the amount of energy required to
stretch or increase the surface of a liquid
by unit area.

Liquid that have strong intermolecular

forces have high surface tension. Thus,
water has a greater surface tension than
most other liquids because of hydrogen
bonding.
1. Ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces without the assistance
of, and in opposition to, external forces such as gravity.

2. Capillary action occurs in water when the intermolecular

attractive forces between the liquid and the solid surrounding
surfaces ( adhesive forces ) are stronger than the cohesive forces
within the liquid.

3. If the diameter of the tube is small enough, then the combination

of surface tension, caused by cohesion within water, and
adhesive forces will act together to lift the liquid.
1. Adhesion > cohesion = concave meniscus
water

2. Cohesion > adhesion = convex meniscus

mercury
1. Viscosity is the measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow. It is due to
the internal frictional forces that develops between different layers
of fluids as they are forced to move relative to each other.

2. Viscosity is caused by the cohesive forces between the molecules in

liquid

3. The greater the viscosity, the slower the liquid flows.

4. When temperature increases, viscosity decreases.

5. Liquids that have strong intermolecular forces have higher

viscosities than those that have weak intermolecular forces.

6. Water has higher viscosity than many other liquids because of its
ability to form hydrogen bonds.