The Renaissance
500 to 1500 AD
Iconoclastic Conflict
Related to Church-State conflict 726 -843 AD
Latourette pages 292-297
Emperors (Leo etc.) against icons in worship
Clergy, particularly Greek clergy, were for icons in worship, also
women in favor of…
Icons a popular way of instructing the illiterate but became
objects of veneration
2nd commandment was against images…
Pro-icons – sense of historical faith
Against icons (iconoclasts) neo-Platonist, Origenist, Christianity
stood outside history…
7th Ecumenical council in 787 AD approved icons but regulated
how they should be honored… finally resolved in 843AD
Eastern Church – no sculpted or 3D images, just 2D paintings
Allegorical Interpretation
Origen – three levels of Scripture interpretation:
Common / Historical – surface meaning for even the
‘simple-minded’
Soul of Scripture – which edifies those that perceive it
Hidden Meaning – lying beneath the surface of difficult
or morally / intellectually repugnant passages and which
can be exposed by allegory ‘for the perfect’.
Allegory helps perfect a person in Christ….
Related to typology – OT is a ‘type’ and NT the anti-
type
Commonly used in the Middle Ages
Collapse Of The Roman Empire
Latourette pages 269-274
Enemies of Roman Empire In the North & West –
Germanic tribes, Huns, Goths,Visigoths etc
476 AD end of the Western Empire
Enemies In the South and East – Islam
Corruption in the State and in the Church
Over-identification of Christianity with Greco-Roman
thought and culture
Yet also saw the conversion of Clovis, King of the
Franks and of many Germanic tribes.
The Great Recession – many formerly Christian lands
became Muslim or pagan.
The Rise Of The Papacy
Latourette pages 336-341
Rome rises to first place among the five main bishops –
Jerusalem, Antioch, Constantinople, Rome and
Alexandria
As Rome and the Western Empire is abandoned by the
Emperor and invaded by the Germanic tribes the Pope
is the only societal leader
Gregory the Great stabilizes Rome and sets the model
for the papacy
Roman practical and administrative skill gave it and edge
over the more ‘spiritually-minded’ patriarchates
Bold theological claims to power and legitimacy and to
authority over the life of the believer
Monasticism -1
Latourette p. 331-336
Monks and nuns and friars were an important part of
medieval life
Desert Fathers – Anthony the Great, Pachomius etc –
known as Eremitic monasteries, unstructured, often solitary
Cassiodorus – learning, manuscripts, structure introduced –
Cenobitic monasteries with an abbot in charge
Ireland – monasticism was the dominant expression of
Christianity, scholarly copied many manuscripts
Irish monks travelled all over Europe, and even to Iceland and
were powerful evangelists
The Irish annoyed the established Church in Europe as they
were wanderers and did not ‘fit in’
Monasticism - 2
Benedict of Nursia – Rule of Benedict, cenobitic
(structured, communal) monasticism is defined
Head was an Abbot (from Abba as in father) and various
officers
Community was to be self-supporting
Prayer, work and study
Orderly lifestyle amidst chaos, widely admired
24 hrs a day was planned in some way (though not
overly difficult or harsh).
Idleness was an enemy of the soul
Monks were ‘kept from contact with the world’
The East-West Split - 1
Tensions built between the Eastern & Western sections
of the Roman Empire for centuries over questions of
theology, church structure and administration and the
role of the Bishop of Rome.