Measurement units and conversions

Mass
The unit of mass in SI system is Kg and in the US
system lbmass.
1 kg = 2.205 lbmass
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Force
Force = mass X acceleration/g
In SI units
Newton is the unit for force and it is defined as the force required to move
the mass of 1 kg with an acceleration of 1 m/sec^2.
1 Newton = 1 kg mass*a/g = 1* kgmass * 1m/sec^2/9.80665 m/sec^2
Where g is the acceleration due to gravity.
Therefore 1 kgforce = 9.80665 Newtons
In US units
lbforce is the unit for force and it is defined as the force required to move a
mass of 1 lbmass with an acceleration of 32.17405 ft/sec^2.
1 lbforce = 1 lbmass * 32.17405 ft/sec^2/g
Where g is the acceleration due to gravity.
Therefore where the acceleration due to gravity is 32.17405 ft/sec^2 , 1
lbforce equals 1 lbmass.
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Pressure
Pressure is defined as the force exerted on unit area.
SI units
Newton/m^2 = Pa
Bar is commonly used and 1 bar = 100000 Pa.
US units
Lbf/inch^2(psi).
1 psi = 6.894757 kPa
The pressure is further subdivided into absolute pressure and gauge pressure.
The gauge pressure is the pressure which can be measured using a gauge. A gauge
reads 0 at the atmospheric conditions. Absolute pressure is referred to absolute
vacuum. Atmospheric pressure is 101.325 kPaA. This is the pressure exerted by the
atmosphere over the absolute zero pressure. The last letter A signifies absolute.
Likewise 101.325 kPaG will mean the pressure read on the gauge is 101.325 kPa.
Other pressure units normally used are atmosphere, kg/cm2,M of H2O column and so
on. Torr or mm is the unit used for vacuum.
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Temperature
The unit used in SI system is degree centrigrade(C).
Kelvin(K) is also used for temperature.
In US system the unit is used is degree Fahrenheit(F).
Degree rankine® is also used.
Temperature in K =273.15 + temperature in degree C.
Temperature in degree R =459.67 + temperature in
degree F.
Temperature in degree F = (9/5)* temperature degree C +
32.
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Flow

Flow measurement units are further divided into mass flow

units and volume flow units.
Mass flow units SI system – kg/sec or kg/Hr
Mass flow units US system – lbs/sec or lbs/Hr
Volume flow units SI system – m^3/sec or m^3/Hr
Volume flow units US system – ft^3/sec or Ft^3/Hr
Other volume flow units such as gpm(gallons per minute)
BBL/Hr ( barrels/Hr) are also
used.
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For gas flow volume units are further referred to a
standard/normal condition of pressure and
temperature(nm3/Hr for example), m3/Hr or am3/Hr will
mean the flow at actual flowing conditions of pressure
and temperature. For instrumentation standards, the
standard/normal conditions in SI system are 101.325
kPaA pressure and 15 degr.C temperature. (For process
engineers the standard/normal temperature can be
0 degr.C). In US units the standard conditions are
14.69595 psiA pressure and 59 degr.F temperature.
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Viscosity
Viscosity is expressed in two different types. One is absolute viscosity and the
second is kinematic viscosity. Units of absolute viscosity are as below.
U.S. Units – lbf.S/ft^2 or lbm/ft.S
Mass unit is converted in force units using the acceleration due to gravity g.
SI units – Pa.S = N.S/m^2 or Poise 1 cP – gm/cm.s
Units of kinematic viscosity are as below.
U.S. units = ft^2/s
SI units – cm^2/s

The absolute viscosity when divided by the density of the medium gives the
kinematic viscosity.

Apart from these Saybolt Universal seconds and Redwood are also used.