Prepared by :

Priya Sharma
Ph.D. Scholar
Nursing
RegistrationNo:2738-DBU
(PhD) 2013
Desh Bhagat University
Mandi Gobindgarh
Guide: Dr. (Mrs.) Chander K. Sarin
Director-Principal
Rayat Bahra College of Nursing
VPO Sahauran, Tehsil Kharar,
Distt. Mohali, Punjab
Parents are architects of
nation’s future
“The Children”.
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
 The Sample Registration Survey, 2009 reported a
Neonatal Mortality Rate (NMR) of 34 per thousand
live births and Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) of
50,which declined to 47 in2010.
 India is ranked at 25 out of 33 countries in parameters
like early initiation of breastfeeding, Exclusive Breast
Feeding (EBF) for the first six months,
complementary feeding and bottle feeding rates.
Cont…
 Despite of its rapid economic growth, India’s poor
ranking can only be attributed to the cultural
differences and social beliefs and customs existing
within the various sections of the community.
 Understanding the differences in practices regarding
infant feeding and rearing practices is important for
the successful delivery of health messages and
services to diverse populations especially in a country
like India with many religion and diverse cultural
beliefs and customs, which are followed to the core.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

“A longitudinal study to assess the knowledge

and practices regarding infant child rearing
among the mother’s of infants with a viewpoint
to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of
structured teaching program in a selected tribal
area of Dadra Nagar Haveli.”
NEED OF THE STUDY
 Child rearing (CR) refers to bringing-up of children by
parents or parent substitutes. It consists of practices that
are grounded in cultural patterns and beliefs. It is
probably the most challenging responsibility for a
mother during the child's infancy.
 As the primary care giver for infant, mother is
responsible for attending to all the needs of the infant.
 UNICEF stated that every year over one million infants
die and millions of others are impaired, because they
are not adequately breast fed.
Cont…
 Every day 3000 to 4000 infants die from diarrhoea
and acute respiratory infections because the ability to
feed them adequately has been taken away from their
mothers.
 The weaning period starting from sixth month is very
crucial in a child's life because this is the time when
malnutrition may set in, if proper precautions are not
followed. Hence, attention to the child's diet remains
the most important aspect of care.
Cont…
 During the clinical postings, the researcher found that
many infants were admitted in reference to global
developmental delay. The reason behind this was that
mainly the caregivers did not have adequate
knowledge on child rearing and they were ignorant
about milestone achievements.
 So, the researcher felt that there is an essential need to
assess the infant mothers knowledge and practices
regarding the infant, child rearing and to provide
information to mothers since they are the primary
caregivers.
 Objectives
Objectives
of the study
OBJECTIVES
 assess the pre intervention score on knowledge and
practices of infant mothers regarding infant child
rearing at one month, four months, eight months
using a structured knowledge and structured practice
questionnaire.
 design and validate structured teaching program for
improving knowledge and practices of mothers on
infant, child rearing.
 assess the post intervention score on knowledge and
practices of infant mothers regarding infant, child
rearing at four months, eight months and eleven
months using a structured knowledge and structured
practice questionnaire.
Cont…
 find out the efficacy of structured teaching program
by comparing pre and post test knowledge and
practices scores on infant child rearing.
 find the association between knowledge and
demographic variables; knowledge and practices of
child rearing mothers; practices and demographic
variables.
 disseminate the research findings.
 OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF
TERMS
1. Infant: refers to child of 1 month to 11 month 29 days.
2. Mother’s: refers to primiparae mother who have a child
of =1>2 months of age.
3. Child rearing: refers to activities like feeding, growth
and development, cleaning, protection and stimulation
of a child from 1month to 11 month 29 days.
4. Knowledge: refers to the correct responses of infant
mothers to the items of a structured knowledge
questionnaire on infant, child rearing and will be
categorized as good, average and poor.
Cont…
5. Practices: refers to infant, child rearing strategies
adopted by infant mothers as expressed in the
structured practice tool and will be categorized as
good, average and poor.
6. Effectiveness: refers to determine the extent to which
the information in the teaching programme has
achieved the desired outcome as measured by gain in
knowledge and practice score at four months, eight
months and 11 month 29 days.
Cont…
7. Structured Teaching program: refers to a material
prepared by the researcher to provide information on
the infant, child rearing to the mothers of infants with
the objective of enhancing their knowledge on care of
their children.
8. Demographic variables: refers to the background
information of name and address, age of mother in
years, age of the child in months, height of infant,
weight of infant, mid arm circumference of infant,
previous exposure to knowledge on child rearing,
sources of health related information, type of family,
educational status, area of living and the monthly
income of the family.
SCOPE OF THE STUDY

 The scope of the study is to assess infant mother’s

knowledge and practices on infant, child rearing at
various stages of child development. Further, the
study is aimed to develop and evaluate structured
teaching program which helps to improve the
mother’s knowledge and practice scores on child
rearing. This knowledge will enable them to provide
better care for their children.
DELIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

The study will be delimited to mothers:

a) who had a child of =1>2 months of age.
b) who will be residing in selected rural area of
Dadra Nagar Haveli.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. What is knowledge of infant mothers on infant, child
rearing in selected rural area of Dadra Nagar Haveli.
2. What are the practices of infant mothers on infant,
child rearing in selected rural area of Dadra Nagar
Haveli.
3. Is there a difference in pre and post test knowledge
and practices scores among mothers on infant, child
rearing in selected rural area of Dadra Nagar Haveli
after giving structured teaching programme on infant,
child rearing.
HYPOTHESIS

H1: There will be a significant difference in mean pre

test and post test knowledge scores of the infant
mothers on infant, child rearing.
H2: There will be a significant difference in mean pre
test and post test practice scores of the infant mothers
on infant, child rearing.
H3: There will be a significant association between the
pretest level of knowledge and practice with selected
demographic variables.
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:
 RESEARCH-DESIGN: Longitudinal, Pre
experimental one group pre test- post.-test design.
 RESEARCH SETTING: The main study will be
conducted in selected rural areas of Dadra Nagar
Haveli. DNH has total 71 villages. The study setting
will be selected by Simple random sampling.
 POPULATION: The population consisted of mothers
having a child of =1>2 months of age and who are
residing in selected tribal area of Dadra Nagar Haveli.
 SAMPLING TECHNIQUE: Purposive sampling
technique will be adopted to select the study samples
from selected rural areas of Dadra Nagar Haveli.
 DESCRIPTION OF TOOL:
The tools will be used are as follows:
1) Tool 1: Demographic proforma
2) Tool 2: Structured knowledge questionnaire on
child rearing.
3) Tool 3: Structured practice questionnaire on child
rearing.
TOOL 1: DEMOGRAPHIC PROFORMA

 The purpose of the tool will be to identify the profile

of the mother. The tool will consist of items such as
name and address, age of mother in years, age of the
child in months, height of infant, weight of infant, mid
arm circumference of infant, previous exposure to
knowledge on child rearing, sources of health related
information, type of family, educational status, area of
living and the monthly income of the family.
TOOL 2: STRUCTURED KNOWLEDGE
QUESTIONNAIRE ON CHILD REARING
 Based on the literature review a blue print will be
developed and the items will be constructed.
 The areas included will be divided into four subscales
that covered the four domains feeding, growth and
development, cleaning and protection and infant
stimulation.
 This self reporting type of scale will have multiple
choice questions on infant care. Each question will
have five choices: one right choice, three wrong
choices, and a don‟t know‟ choice to avoid the
chance of guessing.
TOOL 3: STRUCTURED CHILD
REARING PRACTICES.
 It will consist of items related to actions performed
during child rearing.
 It will consist of 25 items divided into 4 subscales,
that covered the four major child rearing domains
related to early infancy and related practices viz.
feeding, growth and development, cleaning and
protection, and infant stimulation. The structured
practice questionnaire will be divided into four sub
parts and will be administered in the form of pre test
and post test according to the age of the child in
months.
DATA PROCESSING
 Obtained administrative permission from the Research
cell of Desh Bhagat University, Mandi Gobindgarh.
 Obtained permission from the Director, DMHS to
conduct research study.
 Informed consent will be taken from mothers prior to
the study
 The data will be collected in the year 2018. Structured
knowledge and structured practice questionnaire will
be prepared for each stage. Infancy is divided into
four stages at one, four, eight and eleven months.
 A house to house survey will be done. Mothers with
infant =1<2 months will be selected.
Cont…
 Pre test knowledge and practices of mothers on infant,
child rearing will be assessed at one, four and eight
months. Structured teaching program will be
conducted along with pre test for the forth coming
stage of infancy. Post test on knowledge and practices
will be assessed on four, eight and eleven months.
 PILOT STUDY: 50 infant mothers in selected rural
area of Dadra Nagar Haveli.
 VALIDITY: Content validity of the tool will be
obtained by giving the tools to seven experts along
with the blueprint, objectives, and criteria checklist.
The experts from the field of Paediatric Medicine and
Child Health Nursing Department will be taken.
 The experts will be given a criteria checklist and will
be requested to give their opinion and suggestions
regarding the relevancy, accuracy and appropriateness
of the items.
 RELIABILITY: established through test retest
method on twenty mothers in kudacha village.
PLAN OF DATA ANALYSIS
 Descriptive statistics in terms of frequency and
percentage will be used to analyze sample
characteristics and knowledge level.
 Chi square test was used to find the association
between knowledge and selected demographic
variables.
 Paired T test will be used for analyzing the difference
between the pre-test and post test.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE STRUCTURED
TEACHING PROGRAM
 Teaching program on child rearing will be developed
by the researcher based on the review of research and
non research literature and the opinion of the guides
and experts.
EXPECTED OUTCOMES

I. Mothers will have some knowledge on child

rearing.
II. Knowledge will have effect on infant child rearing
practices of infant rearing mothers.
III. The selected demographic variables have an
influence on mother’s knowledge.
IV. Structured teaching program will help to improve
knowledge and practices of infant rearing mothers.
POLICY RELEVANCE
 Ethical clearance will be obtained from the ethical
committee of Desh Bhagat University, Mandi Gobindgarh.
 Permission will be taken from Director, Directorate
Medical and Health Services, Dadra Nagar Haveli to
conduct study.
 Written consent will be obtained from each study subjects
parents.
 The study subjects will be explained about objectives,
activities and duration of their involvement.
 The subjects have full autonomy to participate in research
and withdrawal from research at any time.
 Anonymity and confidentiality of subject will be
maintained.
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