Anatomi Tulang
Anatomi Tulang
TULANG
SISTEM RANGKA
SISTEM RANGKA
Rangka manusia tersusun dari sekitar 206
tulang
3. Persendian
adalah persambungan tulang dari 2 tulang atau lebih.
SistemSKELETAL
SISTEM skeletal// RANGKA
rangka
Fungsi
FUNGSI Sistem Rangka
SISTEM RANGKA
Scr makroskopik:
- spongiosa (kanselosa)
- kompak (padat)
within membrane”
– actually a “fibrous sheet similar to the
dermis”
Enchondral Ossification
http://www.elixirindustry.com/resource/osteoporosis/jilka.htm
Growth
Plate
BMU Remodeling Sequence
www.ifcc.org/ejifcc/ vol13no4/130401004n.htm
Osteocytes
Activation
Quiescence
Resorption
3. Callus ossification.
Callus replaced by woven,
cancellous bone
4. Bone remodeling.
Replacement of
cancellous bone and
damaged material by
compact bone. Sculpting
of site by osteoclasts
Joints
Where bone meets bone
Ligament – holds bone to bone
Types of joints:
– Immovable - skull
– Ball-and-socket - shoulder
– Hinge - knee
– Pivot – forearm
– Gliding - vertebrae
Joints
Cartilage covers ends of movable bones
– Reduces friction
Lubricated by fluid from capillaries
Bone Marrow
Red marrow – produces blood cells and clotting
factors
– Found in humerus, femur, sternum, ribs, vertebrae,
pelvis
– Produces RBC 2 million per second
65% water
5% cells
15% collagen Type II
15% proteoglycans
Calcium
Vitamin D2/D3
– Activated in the skin by sunlight
25-OH vitamin D
– Hydroxylated in the liver
Low serum Ca
1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D High PTH
– Re-hydroxylated in the kidney Low Phosphate
Phosphate Turnover
PTH,
Calcium &
Phosphate
PTH and Osteoblastogenesis
Osteoclastogenesis
Hormonal
control of
bones
RANK and RANKL
Bone Structure