PROPULSION
MEMBERS:
N E T H E LY N C R U Z
MARIEL SALCEDO
ANGEL ABLAZA
MARIAN LOURDES CA JILIG
CHRISTINE REYES
J A N I N E M A M AY O
WHAT IS AN AIRCRAFT
PROPULSION?
AIRCRAFT- is
a machine that is able
to fly by gaining support from PROPULSION- is the act
the air. It counters the force of moving or pushing an
of gravity by using object forward. A propulsion
either static lift or by using system is an engine that
the dynamic lift of produces thrust to push an
an airfoil or in a few cases object, such as an airplane,
the downward thrust from jet rocket or jet, forward.
engines.
FOUR FORCES OF AIRPLANE:
1 2 3 4
NEWTON’S
LAW OF
SECOND LAW OF MOTION state that
force is equal to change in momentum
LAW (mass times velocity) per change in
time.
MOTION:
THIRD LAW OF MOTION state that
for every action (force) in nature
LAW there is an equal and opposite
reaction.
1. LIFT
- a force must
be created that
equals or exceeds
the force of
gravity.
-created by
the flow of air over
an airfoil.
-the shape of
an airfoil causes air
to flow faster on
top than on
bottom
THIRD LAW OF
NEWTON’S
MOTION
LAW OF
-state that for every MOTION
action (force) in
nature there is an
equal and opposite
reaction
BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE:
Wherein:
P= Pressure LIFT
S=Surface Area EQUATION
V=Velocity
CL=Coefficient Lift
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
• The aircraft you are using weighs 14,250 lbs and is
flying at 150 knots at sea level pressure with a winug
surface area of 250 ft. squared. (Note: density at sea
level pressure is always .002378 slugs per feet
cubed). What is the Coefficient of lift?
Step:
Convert the 150 knots to per seconds and it will give
you 253ft/s.
Derive the formula of lift.
CL= L/ ½ × P × v^2 ×S
CL=.76
2. THRUST
-is the force
that propels a flying
machine in the
direction of motion.
Engines produce
thrust.
-is the
force which moves an
aircraft through the
air.Thrust is
generated by
the propulsion
system of
the airplane.
Thrust itself is a force than can best be described
by Newton's second law. The basic form of this law
is:
SECOND
F = ma
LAW OF
MOTION:
which states that force (F) is equal to mass (m)
times acceleration (a). Acceleration is the rate of
change of velocity over time. Thrust (T) is
produced therefore by accelerating a mass of air.
F = (m * V)2 - (m *
V)1 / (t2 - t1)
Wherein:
M=Mass THRUST
EQUATION
V=Velocity
T=Time
3. WEIGHT
-is a limiting
factor in aircraft
design.
Wherein:
NEWTON’S
M=Mass
EQUATION:
G=Gravity
2.Induced Drag
-the change in vector direction of lift of the aircraft.
3.Wave Drag
-which comes into play when shock waves are developed
close to the surface of the aircraft in transonic and supersonic flight
D=
Cd*(R)(V^2)/2*A
Wherein:
Cd= Coefficient
Drag
DRAG
EQUATION:
R=Density
A=Area
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
• The aircraft of area 580 m2 moves with thrust of 50,000 N
has an air density of 1.225 kg/m3. If the cruise speed is 140 m/s.
Calculate the drag coefficient.
• Solution:
Given: Thrust D = 50000 N, Area A = 580 m2, air density ρ =
1.225 kg/m3, cruise speed v = 140 m/s
The air drag formula is given by,
D = 1/2 ρ Cd A v2
The drag coefficient is given by Cd = 2D/ρAv2
Cd = 2×50000N/1.225×580×1402
Cd = 0.0071
IF HAPPENS......
• Described as an equilibrium of all the forces acting upon an
airplane. Weight, lift, thrust and drag are the acting forces on
an airplane. Assuming a straight and level flight, lift must be
equal to weight and drag must be equal to thrust. This is what
happens if this equilibrium is violated:
• If lift becomes greater than weight, then the plane will
accelerate upward.
• If the weight is greater than the lift, then the plane will
accelerate downward.
• When the thrust becomes greater than the drag, the plane
will accelerate forward.
• If drag becomes greater than the thrust a deceleration will
occur.
THANK YOU!!!