Nick Clarke
Lecturer in CAD for Fashion and Textiles
University of Manchester
School of Materials
Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences
School of Materials
Department Fashion and Textiles
lecture: overview
The more cognitive resources (attention, memory etc.) that you can
focus on the task (educational, navigational, instructional etc.), the
better the ‘user’ outcomes (ie. learning)
Advantages:
– they are recognized as quickly as words
– they support dual encoding
as visual representations
and semantically
Disadvantages:
– difficult to develop universally recognised icons
– difficult to develop a series of clear, distinct icons to represent
different content and functionality
rules of thumb: icons
The time it takes to locate a target (the desired menu item, page
content etc.) depends upon a few variables:
– The number of items on a screen – serial search; Neisser: T=(NI)2.
– Element conspicuity – parallel; things that stand out are located
faster and elements noticed in parallel.
– logical content organization and expectancies.
visual search: design strategies
visual search: design strategies
working memory: model
working memory: capacity & duration
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working memory: capacity & duration
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working memory: considerations
– educational content
– navigational structures
– computer environments and interfaces
Automaticity
– When a task becomes automatic it requires less in the way of conscious
cognitive resources
– Automaticity can increase our ability to multitask and attend to larger sets of
information
Multiple modalities
– It is easier to divide attention between two different modalities (one visual,
one aural) than between two distinct information sources presented in the
same modality
– Earliest Memories
working memory: design strategies
The more cognitive resources (attention, memory etc.) that you can
focus on the educational task, the better the outcomes –
Interface
– Can either facilitate or inhibit use depending upon how well they
incorporate human-centered principles.
design heuristics Jakob Nielsen
10 Design Heuristics
THE END
visual search & detection
Serial and Parallel Searching