Presented By:
Padmapriya.H.N(4bw07is401)
channel
Bits DSP Radio Radio DSP Bits
TX RX
Radio Radio
D D
Bits S
channel
S Bits
P Radio Radio P
TX RX
The h is channel and from h1nt upto Hnrnt are data streams.
multiple antennas at the transmitter or receiver has given rise to
maximum Signal to Noise Ratio
If high SNR means more noise found in the transmitting signal.
MIMO Alternatives
Spatial-multiplexing MIMO
Beamforming MIMO Overview
The change in the energy of each antenna based on the quality of
the channel and thereby maximizes the SNR for the receiver.
Beamforming the transmitter has no knowledge of the channel
and simply sends the signal.
The single or multiple antennas used in transmitter and also
receiver.
Radio D
S Bits
Bits Radio
TX P
Radio
RX
D Radio
Bits S
P Radio Bits
Radio RX
TX
Beamforming(contd..)
If the transmitter does not know the channel we can not exploit
"Beamforming".
If some symbol is sent through no. of antennas with the
maximum SNR is referred to as transmit beamforming.
In transmit beamforming, the transmitter must have the CSI.
This presents us with a bit of a problem.
Some of the Benefits of beamforming are Power gain with
dynamic high-gain antenna
Spatial Multiplexing MIMO Concept
Spatial multiplexing a high rate signal is split into multiple
streams
Transmitted from a different transmit antenna in the same
frequency channel.
Spatial multiplexing is a very powerful technique for increasing
channel capacity at higher Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR).
Signals from the various antennas can be combined to form a
signal stronger data.
MOD IFFT RF
Stream Spatial
FEC Split
Mapping
MOD IFFT RF
1* Ns * 1* NT* NT*
(Bw*Es*Ns) (Bw*Es) (Bw*Es*Ns*NT) (Bw*Es) Analog RF
MIMO Transmitter
RF FFT Demod
MIMO Stream
Merge
DEC
Equalizer
RF FFT Demod
Faster speeds
More simultaneous users
Less signal fading
Better resistance to interference
Supports Multipath Propogation
Achieve High Data Rates
Disadvantages of MIMO Routers
For Business
• Enables truly wireless office – replaces Ethernet
• Improves VoIP performance
For Consumers
Precoding:
It is multi-layer beamforming in a narrow sense
or all spatial processing at the transmitter in a wide-
sense.
Diversity coding:
This techniques uses the coding technique to
to improve the diversity.
Conclusion