ROBICSEK NORBERG
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½OUNGER KIRKLAND
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LEONARD KRONFELD
WIDMAN a¦
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SCHLUGER
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GOLDMAN RAMFJORD;
¦ NISSLE
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HIRSCHFELD N½MAN et al
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FRIEDMAN TAKEI et al
a a
· Flap is a piece of tissue parity severed from its place
of origin for use in surgical grafting and repair of body
defectsµ
· Webster·s Dictionary
* F. J Harty Rogston Concise Illustrated Dental Dictionary
´ A Periodontal flap is defined as, a section of
the gingiva and or oral mucosa, surgically
elevated from the underlying tissues to provide
visibility of the bone and root surface.µ
!
"
ÿ
¦
¦
Undisplaced flaps
Displaced flaps
conventional
papilla preservation flaps.
# All rotational flaps share the common
characteristic of movement around a pivot point. The
radius of the arc of rotation is the line of greatest
tension. The greater the rotation, the greater the actual
shortening of the flap.
è
"
$ A rectangular segment of gingiva and
mucosa is used.
$ A semicircular segment of gingiva or
mucosa is used.
Prevention of flap necrosis
Prevention of flap tearing
u #
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Incision should start adjacent to the operative
area
Incision should avoid transection of major nerves
and vessels
An adequate blood supply
Avoid incisions in an area of thinned mucosa
Releasing incisions if access is inadequate
Cervical incision
These three incisions allow the removal of the
gingival around the tooth (i.e. the pocket
epithelium and the adjacent granulomatous
tissue) A curette can be used for this purpose.
´
( *
Mertical or oblique releasing incision can be used on
one or both ends of the horizontal incision depending
on the design and purpose of the flap
Incorrect
correct
ÿ
!
·
u
%
No sub or supragingival dental deposits.
No pathologic pockets (no bleeding on probing to
the bottom of the pockets)
No plaque retaining aberrations of gingival
morphology.
No plaque-retaining parts of restorations in relation
to the gingival margin.
·Uncooperative Ë
· Blood disorders
·Hormonal disorders
·Cardiovascular disease
(Fay & O·Neil 1984).
·Smoking
(Siana et al., 1989),
The main advantages of the original Widman flapµ
Healing with primary intention and
That it was possible to reestablish a proper contour of
the alveolar bone in sites with angular bony defects.
'.**/u# &'*ÿ*0-*&u/
Flap necrosis
Secondarywound
healing
Tertiarywound
healing
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