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ANTIVIRAL,
ANTIFUNGI
VIRUS
BAKTERI
JAMUR
PARASIT INFEKSI
dll
TUMBUH dan
BERBIAK
2
OBAT- OBAT ANTIINFEKSI
Obat-obat
Obat-obat Antifungal
Antiviral
Obat-obat
Antiprotozoal
Obat-obat
Antibakterial
Obat-obat
Anthelmintik
3
KLASSIFIKASI ANTIINFEKSI
28
ACRONYMS & OTHER NAMES (pada virologi)
3TC Lamivudine
AZT Zidovudine (previously azido-thymidine)
CMV Cytomegalovirus
CYP Cytochrome P450 (enzym)
d4T Stavudine
ddC Zalcitabine
ddL Didanosine
EBV Epstein-Barr virus
FTC Emtricitabine
HAART Highly active antiretroviral therapy
(aksi/potensi)
HBV Hepatitis B virus
HBC Hepatitis C virus
HHV-6 Human herpesvirus-6
HIV Human immunodeficiency virus
HPV Human papillomavirus
HSV Herpes simplex virus
IFN Interferon
KSHV Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus
NNRTI Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
(aksi)
NRTI Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
(aksi)
PI Protease inhibitor (aksi/site of action)
RSV Respiratory syncytial virus
SVR Sustained antiviral response (response) 29
VZV Varicella-zoster virus
Blocked by
VIRAL REPLICATION & SITE OF envuvirtide (HIV)
maraviroc (HIV)
ANTIVIRAL DRUG ACTION docosanol (HSV) Blocked by
palivizumab (RSV) interferon-alfa
(HBV, HCV)
1.Viral attachment
& entry Blocked by
2.penetration amantadine,
3.uncoating
rimantadine
4.early protein (Influenza-A)
synthesis
Blocked by Blocked by
neuroaminidase protease inhibitors
inhibitors 30 (HIV)
( Safrin,S.,2009 )
(influenza)
OBAT-OBAT ANTIRETROVIRAL
31
Amprenavir
PROTEASE INHIBITORS ( PI ) : Atazanavir
Darunavir
Fosamprenavir
Indinavir
Lopinavir/Ritonavir
Nelfinavir
Saquinavir
Tripanavir
32
OBAT-OBAT UNTUK FARMAKOTERAPI DAN PREVENTIF
terhadap :
33
Virus-specified enzymes
Acyclovir
Penciclovir monophosphate
Ganciclovir (eg, thymidine kinase,
UL97)
Host
kinases
Trifluridine diphosphate
Cidofovir
fasconet
triphosphate
35
OBAT-OBAT ANTIHEPATITIS
HEPATITIS B : -Lamivudine DOSIS HARUS
-Adefovir dipivoxil
-Entecavir HITUNG DENGAN
-Interferon alfa-2b TELITI PADA
PASIEN DENGAN
INSUFFISIENSI RENAL
*) = TIDAK DIREKOMENDASI
UTK MONOTERAPI
36
OBAT ANTI-INFLUENZA
-Amantadine & Rimantadine
-Zanamivir & Oseltami
SYSTEMIC
MUCOCUTANEUS MUCOCUTANEUS
(infection)
INFECTION INFECTION
DRUGS
(ORAL) (TOPICAL)
(oral / parentral)
39
PROBLEMATIK INFEKSI FUNGAL / JAMUR :
- JUMLAK KASUS MENINGKAT
40
AMPHOTERICIN B
AZOLES : Ketonazole
Itranazole
Fluconazole
Voriconazole
Posaconazole
ECHINOCANDINS:
ANTIFUNGAL
Caspofungin
Micafungin
Anidulafungin
OTHERS : Griseofulvin
Terbinafine (allylamine)
TOPICAL : Nystatin
Azoles
Allylamine
41
42
Merupakan amphoteric polyene macrolide
Nyaris tidak larut dalam air
AMPHOTERICIN B Preparat dalam bentuk suspensi koloidal
(pemakaian sistemik)
MEKANISME KERJA : - fungisidal selektif
- dinding membran sel fungi
mengandung ergosterol
(predeominan :cholesterol)
- terikat pada ergosterol
mempengaruhi permeabilitas
sel membran., kerusakan : gangguan
intraseluler ion dan macromolekul
berakibat kematian sel fungi.
44
ADVERSE DRUG REACTION / ADR
45
AZOLES
SENYAWA SINTETIK : imidazole X =C
R triazole X =N
N
X
INTERAKSI OBAT
Pada
METABOLISME 47
INTERAKSI OBAT
Pada
METABOLISME
ITRACONAZOLE + RIFAMPICINS
(RIFAMPIN,RIFABUTIN,RIFAPENTINE)
48
ANTI FUNGAL
ANTIPROTOZOAL
ANTIHELMINTHICS
Reference:
KATZUNG,BG., (ed.) 2009, BASIC AND
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY , 11TH Ed.,
pg : 835-844; 899-922; 923-934
Lange-McGrawHill., Boston.
49
MEKANISME KERJA ANTI VIRAL & ANTI FUNGI