• Urinary incontinence following brain injury

has been reported in 50% of brain injury

• bladder re-training programme (bladder drill)
of approximately 45%
• The urinary tract infection rate of 19% rate
recorded in post-traumatic brain injury 
complication correlated faecal impaction,
diabetes mellitus and residual volumes of over
100 ml
• experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI)-
induced lower urinary tract dysfunction
(LUTD) by monitoring systemic and
urodynamic parameters using an implantable
telemetry system.
• 10 female rats
• urinary retention (100%) and incontinence
(60%).
• recovered from coma of traumatic etiology
and who were admitted during a 1-year
period to a postcoma unit
• 57 patients studied
– 30 overactive bladder
– 28 detrusor overactivity
– 18 detrusor underactivity
• traumatic brain injury (TBI).
– 62% urinary incontinence
– 10% Urinary retention