INVOLVING CHEMICAL EQUATION 5. SOLVE NUMERICAL PROBLEMS INVOLVING CHEMICAL REACTIONS Calculation steps : S1 Write a balanced equation S2 Write the information from the question above the equation S3 Write information from the chemical equation below the equation (information about the number of moles of reactants/products) S4 Change the information in S2 into moles by using the method shown in the chart. S5 Use the relationship between number of moles of substance involved in S3 to find the answer
S6 Change the information to the unit required using the chart
Mass in gram
X (RAM/RMM/RFM) gmol-1 ÷ (RAM/RMM/RFM) gmol-1
n = MV ÷ 24dm3mol-1 /22.4 dm3mol-1
1000 Concentration in Number of Volume of mol dm-3 (M) and mole (n) gas in dm3 volume in cm3(V) n = MV 1000 x 24dm3mol-1 /22.4 dm3mol-1 Exercise :
1) Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2 , Calculate the mass of zinc required to react with excess hydrochloric acid to produce 6dm3 hydrogen gas at room conditions. [ RAM Zn= 65 , Cl = 35.5 , molar volume :24 dm3mol-1 at room condition.]
?g 6 dm3 Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl 2 + H2 1 mol 1 mol
Mol of H2 = 6 dm3/ 24 dm3 mol-1 = 0.25 mol
From the equation, 1 mol H2 : 1 mol Zn
0.25 mol H2 : 0.25 mol Zn
Mass of Zn = 0.25 mol x 65 gmol -1 = 16.25 g
2) 4K + O 2 → 2 K 2O Calculate the mass of potassium required to produce 23.5 g of potassium oxide. [RAM K= 39 , O= 16]
?g 23.5 g 4K + O2 → 2 K2O
4 mol 2 mol
Mole of K2O = 23.5 g / [2x39 + 16] gmol-1 = 0.25
From the equation : 2 mol K2O : 4 mol K
0.25 mol K2O : 0.5 mol K
Mass of K = 0.5 mol x 39gmol- = 19.5 g
3) H2O2 → H2O + O2 i) Balance the equation above. ii) Calculate the number of moles H2O2 that decomposes if 11.2 dm3 oxygen gas is colleted at STP. (RAM: H,1: O,16,Molar volume :22.4dm3 mol-1 at STP ? Mol 11.2 dm3 2H2O2 → 2H2O + O2
2 mol 1 mol
Mol of O2 = 11.2 dm3/ 22.4 dm3 mol-1 = 0.5
From the equation , 1 mol O2 : 2 mol H2O2
0.5 mol O2 : 1 mol H2O2
4) 8.0 g of copper (ll) oxide powder is added to excess dilute nitric acid and heated. Calculate the mass of Copper (ll) nitrate produced. (JAR: N=14, O=16, Cu=64)
8g ?g CuO + 2HNO3 Cu(NO3 )2 + H2O 1 mol 1 mol
Mol of CuO = 8 g/ [ 64 + 16 ] gmol-1 = 0.1 mol
From the equation , 1 mol CuO : 1 mol Cu(NO 3 )2
0.1 mol CuO : 0.1 mol Cu(NO3 )2
Mass of Cu(NO3 )2 = 0.1mol x 188 gmol-1= 18.8 g
5) 100 cm3 0.2 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid is reacted with powdered magnesium until excess. Calculate the volume of hydrogen gas released at room temperature. ( 1 mol of gas occupies the volume of 24 dm3mol-1 at room conditions)
1000 M = 1 moldm-3 7) 10 g of Magnesium oxide is added to 100 cm3 hydrochloric acid 2.0 mol dm-3 . Calculate the mass of Magnesium Oxide that has not reacted. (RAM: O=16, Mg=24) 10g 100cm3 ?g exc2 moldm-3 MgO + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2 1 mol 2 mol
Mol HCl = 100 x 2 = 0.2 mol HCl
1000 From the Equation 2 mol HCl : 1 mol MgO
0.2 mol HCl : 0.1 mol MgO
Mass of MgO that has reacted = 0.1 x 40 = 4 g
Mass of MgO that has not reacted = 10 -4 = 6 g
8) 50 cm3 of lead (II) nitrate solution 0.5 mol dm-3 is added to excess of sodium sulphate. Calculate the mass of Lead(ll) sulphate precipitate formed.
7.58 g 9) 1.6 g of copper(ll) oxide is needed 40 cm3 of dilute of hydrochloric acid for complete neutralization. Calculate the concentration of dilute hydrochloric acid.
1 moldm-3
10) 0.1 mol dm-3 of silver nitrate solution is mixed with excess of magnesium powder. 0.54 g of Silver precipitate is formed. Calculate the volume of Silver Nitrate is used.
