Owa324010 Wcdma Hsdpa Ran12 Principles Issue1.00

WCDMA HSDPA
Principles
www.huawei.com
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

References
 3GPP Release 6 Specification References
 TS 25.308 HSDPA overall description stage2
 TS 25.211 Physical channel and mapping of transport channels onto physical
channel (FDD)
 TS 25.212 Multiplexing and channel coding (FDD)
 TS 25.213 Spreading and modulation (FDD)
 TS 25.214 Physical layer procedure (FDD)
 TS 25.306 UE radio access capabilities
 TS 25.321 Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol specification
 TS 25.322 Radio Link Control (RLC) protocol specification
 TS 25.331 Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol specification
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page2
Objectives
 Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
 Define HSDPA protocol stack
 Describe new channels for HSDPA
 Explain the physical channel processing
 HSDPA impact on protocol stack
 Identify HSDPA UE categories
 Define HSDPA protocols of Mac sub-layer
Contents
1. HSDPA Introduction
2. HSDPA Key Techniques
3. HSDPA Physical Layer Channel
4. HSDPA Layer2 Protocol
WCDMA Evolution
WCDMA HSDPA HSUPA

GSM GPRS
R99 R5 R6
EDGE
Downlink Peak Data Rate Downlink Peak Data Rate

(Typical Deployment) (Theoretical Maximum)
GSM 9.6kbps 9.6kbps
GPRS 40kbps 171kbps
EDGE 120kbps 473kbps
R99 WCDMA 384kbps 2.0Mbps
HSDPA 10.0Mbps 14.4Mbps
High Speed Downlink Packet Access
 What are the benefits of HSDPA
 Higher Data Rates
 Peak data rate up to 14Mbps per user
 Higher Capacity
 More subscribers and throughput
 Further reduces the cost per megabyte
 Richer Application
 Low latency – improvement for streaming ,interactive, background
applications
Release 99 Packet Data
 How is Packet Data handled in Release 99 (FDD) ?
 DCH ( Dedicated Channel )
 Spreading codes assigned per user
 Closed loop power control

Node B
 Soft handover
 FACH ( Common Channel )

 Common Spreading code
 No closed loop power control
 No soft handover
Node B
Release 99 Downlink Limitation
 Dedicated Channel Features ( DCH )
 Maximum implemented downlink of 384kbps
 OVSF code limitation for high data rate users
 Rate change according to burst throughput is slow
 Outer loop power control responds slowly to channel
 Common Channel Features ( FACH )

 Good for burst data application
 Only low data rates supported
 Fixed transmit power
 The differences between HSDPA and R99
 Set of high data rate channel
 Channels are shared by multiple users
 Each user may be assigned all or part of the resource every

2ms “Big shared pipe”
Code multiplexing for HSDPA
Node B
HSDPA user#1
2ms
HSDPA user#2
HSDPA user#3 a set of HS-PDSCHs
HSDPA user#4
 How will HSDPA figure out the limitations of R99
 Adaptive modulation and coding
 Fast feedback of Channel condition
 QPSK and16QAM
 Channel coding rate from 1/3 to 1
 Multi-code operation
 Multiple codes allocated per user
 Fixed spreading factor
 NodeB fast Scheduling

 Physical Layer HARQ ( Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest )
 Comparison Summary
Mode DCH FACH HSDPA

Channel Type Dedicated Shared Shared
Closed Inner Loop
Fixed Power with
Power Control at 1500Hz & No
link adaptation
Closed Outer Loop
Soft Handover Supported Not Supported Not Supported
Suitability for
Poor Good Good
Bursty
Data Rate Medium Low High
Contents
3. HSDPA Physical Layer Channels
HSDPA Key Techniques
Block 1 Block 1 Block 2
Block 1? Block 1
+
Block 1?
AMC (Adaptive Modulation & Coding) HARQ（Hybrid ARQ）with Fast Scheduling based on
CQI and fairness
Data rate adapted to radio condition on 2ms Soft combing
Scheduling of user on 2ms
Reduce round trip time
SF16, 2ms and CDM/TDM 16QAM 3 New Physical Channels

Dynamic shared in Time and code domain 16QAM in complement to QPSK
for higher peak bit rates
Adaptive Modulation and Coding
 AMC ( Adaptive Modulation and Coding ) in accordance
with CQI ( Channel Quality Indicator )
 Adjust data rate to compensation channel condition
 Good channel condition – higher data rate
 Bad channel condition – lower data rate
 Adjust channel coding rate to compensation channel condition
 Good channel condition – channel coding rate is higher e.g. 3/4
 Bad channel condition –channel coding rate is lower e.g. 1/3
 Adjust the modulation scheme to compensation channel condition
 Good channel condition – high order modulation scheme e.g. 16QAM
 Bad channel condition – low order modulation scheme e.g. QPSK
Adaptive Modulation and Coding
 AMC ( Adaptive Modulation and Coding ) based on CQI
( Channel Quality Indicator )
 CQI ( channel quality indicator )
 UE measures the channel quality and reports to NodeB every
2ms or more cycle
 NodeB selects modulation scheme ,data block size based on CQI

Power Control Rate Adaptation
Bad channel condition Bad channel condition

→ More power → low data rate
Good channel condition Node B Node B
Good channel condition
→ less power
→ high data rate
CQI mapping table for UE category 10
Transport Number of Reference power
CQI value Modulation
Block Size HS-PDSCH adjustment 
0 N/A Out of range
1 137 1 QPSK 0
2 173 1 QPSK 0
…… …… …… …… ……
13 2279 4 QPSK 0
14 2583 4 QPSK 0
15 3319 5 QPSK 0
16 3565 5 16-QAM 0
17 4189 5 16-QAM 0
18 4664 5 16-QAM 0
…… …… …… …… ……
28 23370 15 16-QAM 0
29 24222 15 16-QAM 0
30 25558 15 16-QAM 0
HSDPA UE Categories
Maximum Maximum Number of Bits of
Number of HS- Minimum Inter- an HS-DSCH Transport Block Total Number of Soft
UE Category
DSCH Codes TTI Interval Received Within an HS- Channel Bits
Received DSCH TTI
Category 1 5 3 7298 19200
Category 2 5 3 7298 28800
Category 3 5 2 7298 28800
Category 4 5 2 7298 38400
Category 5 5 1 7298 57600
Category 6 5 1 7298 67200
Category 7 10 1 14411 115200
Category 8 10 1 14411 134400
Category 9 15 1 20251 172800
Category 10 15 1 27952 172800
Category 11 5 2 3630 14400
Category 12 5 1 3630 28800
HSDPA RF performance depends on UE capability
Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest
 Conventional ARQ
 In a conventional ARQ scheme, received data blocks that can not be
correctly decoded are discarded and retransmitted data blocks are
separately decoded
 Hybrid ARQ ( HARQ )

 In case of Hybrid ARQ with soft combining, received data blocks that
can not be correctly decoded are not discarded. Instead the
corresponding received signal is buffered and soft combined with later
received retransmission of information bits. Decoding is then applied
to the combined signal
Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest
 Example for HARQ
 The use of HARQ with soft combining increases the

effective received Eb/Io for each retransmission and thus
increases the probability for correct decoding of
retransmissions, compare to conventional ARQ
HARQ Combining
 There are many different schemes for HARQ with soft
combining
 In case of Chase combining ( CC ) each retransmission is an
identical copy of the original transmission
 In case of Incremental Redundancy ( IR ) each retransmission

may add new redundancy
HARQ Process
 Each HSDPA assignment is handled by a HARQ process
runing in NodeB and UE
 The UE HARQ process is responsible for:
 Attempting to decode the data
 Deciding whether to send ACK or NACK
 Soft combining of retransmitted data
 The NodeB HARQ process is responsible for:

 Selecting the corrected bits to send according to the selected
retransmission scheme and UE capability
Short TTI (2ms)
 Shorter TTI ( Transmission Time Interval ) is to reduce RTT
( round trip time )
 Shorter TTI is necessary to benefit from other functionalities

such as AMC, scheduling algorithm and HARQ
Shared Channel Transmission
 In HSDPA, a new DL transport channel is introduced call
HS-DSCH
 A part of the total downlink code resource is dynamically

shared between HSDPA and Release 99
Power Sharing for Channel Transmission
 A part of the total downlink power resource is dynamically
shared between HSDPA and Release 99
Power margin for DCH power control

Time
Total Power Higher power utility

efficiency
Allowed power for HSDPA
DPCH
Power for CCH
Time
Resource Allocation
 Resources are assigned to HSDPA user only when they are

actually to be used for transmission, which leads to efficient
code and power utilization
Higher-Order Modulation Scheme
 HSDPA modulation scheme
 QPSK
 16QAM
Fast Scheduling
 Fast scheduling is about to decided to which terminal the
shared channel transmission should be directed at any
given moment
 Scheduler may be based on:  Some basic scheduler

 CDM, TDM  Round Robin (RR)
 Channel condition  Maximum C/I (MAX C/I)
 Amount of data waiting in the queue  Proportional Fair (PF)
 Fairness (Satisfied users)  Enhanced Proportional Fair
 Cell throughput, etc (EPF)
HSDPA New Physical Channels
Contents
R99 Channel Mapping
HSDPA Physical Layer Channels
 New HSDPA Channels
 High Speed Downlink shared Channel ( HS-DSCH )
 Downlink Transport Channel
 High Speed Shared Control Channel ( HS-SCCH )

 Downlink Physical Control Channel
 High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel ( HS-PDSCH )

 Downlink Physical Channel
 High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel ( HS-DPCCH )

 Uplink Physical Control Channel
R5 Channel Mapping
Physical Layer Frame Duration
 Frame Duration
 10ms radio frame, 15 slots
 2ms HSDPA sub-frame, 3 slots
 1 HS-DSCH Transport Time interval (TTI)
 Slot Duration R99 radio frame

10ms
 2560chips per slot

 7680 chips per HSDPA sub-frame HSDPA sub-frame
2ms
 Symbol Timing
 QPSK: 2bits / symbol
Time slot
 16QAM: 4bits / symbol 0.67ms
HS-PDSCH Sub-frame Structure
 HS-PDSCH sub-frame structure
 3 time slots constituted one TTI (2ms) , only one TB will be sent
during one TTI
 Fixed spreading factor ( SF=16 )
 May use QPSK or 16QAM modulation scheme
 Up to 15 HS-PDSCH may be assigned simultaneously
 All HS-PDSCH used to carry user’s data
 UE can be assigned multiple OVSF code ( SF=16 ) based on UE
Categories
HS-SCCH Sub-frame Structure
 HS-SCCH subframe structure
 3 time slots constitutes one TTI ( 2ms )
 SF=128, QPSK only, Fixed rate of 60kbps
 HS-SCCH carries the following control messages: Xue, Xccs, Xms,
Xrv, Xtbs, Xhap and Xnd
 UE demodulates HS-SCCH sub-frame and find out the received data
addressed to the UE with Xue. Then UE demodulates HS-PDSCH
sub-frame with Xccs, Xms, Xrv, Xhap, Xtbs and Xnd are used for
HARQ Process
 UE may need to simultaneous monitor up to four HS-SCCHs
HS-DPCCH Sub-frame Structure
 HS-DPCCH sub-frame structure
 TTI=2ms ( 3 time slots ), SF=256, Fixed rate of 15kbps
 Carry 2 types of HSDPA uplink physical layer control message,
including ACK/NACK CQI
Uplink HS-DPCCH Preamble and
Postamble
 Transmit Preamble and Postamble on HS-DPCCH around
ACK / NACK
 Eases the decoding, which allows HS-DPCCH to operate at

lower power
Associated Physical Channel – A-
DPCH
 Besides 3 physical channels on top. There is another
physical channel named DPCH, which is a dedicated
channel . DPCH is also called associated channel used for
signalling transmission and power control
 DPCH does not carry service generally, sometimes carry

real time (RT) service such as AMR service
Fractional Dedicated Physical Channel
(F-DPCH)
 The F-DPCH is a new physical channel in Release 6
 Purpose of F-DPCH introduction is to keep the closed loop

power control working for HSDPA users without an
assigned DPCH (A-DPCH)
F-DPCH Frame Structure
 The F-DPCH carries control information generated at layer 1 (TPC
commands). It is a special case of downlink DPCCH
 Each frame of length 10ms is split into 15 slots, each of length

Tslot = 2560 chips, corresponding to one power-control period,
SF=256
 Each user occupy one Symbol in one slot to bear TPC command,
Pilot and TFCI is not needed
(Tx OFF) TPC (Tx OFF)
 Up to
N 10 users
bits
OFF1 N can
bits be multiplexed on
TPC N one
bits F-DPCH OFF2
Tslot = 2560 chips
Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #i Slot #14

1 radio frame: Tf = 10 ms
HSDPA Physical Channels Timing
 Start of HS-SCCH is aligned with the start of PCCPCH
 HS-PDSCH, subframe is transmitted two slots after the

associated HS-SCCH subframe
10 ms
P-CCPCH Radio frame with (SFN modulo 2) = 0 Radio frame with (SFN modulo 2)=1
3 slots = 2 ms
HS-SCCH Subframe #0 Subframe #1 Subframe #2 Subframe #3 Subframe #4

3 slots = 2 ms
HS-PDSCH Subframe #0 Subframe #1 Subframe #2 Subframe #3 Subframe #4
2 slots 15 slots = 10 ms
DPCH Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot
DPCH
~7.5 slots
HS-DPCCH
3 slots = 2 ms
Theoretical HSDPA Maximum Data
Rate
 Theoretical HSDPA Maximum data rate is 14.4Mbps
 How do we get to 14.4Mbps ?
 Multi-code transmission
 NodeB must allocate all 15 OVSF codes ( SF =16 ) to one UE
 Consecutive assignments using multiple HARQ process
 NodeB must allocate all time slots to one UE
 UE must decode all transmission correctly on the first transmission
 Low channel coding gain
 Effective code rate = 1
 Requires very good channel conditions to decode
 16QAM
 Requires very good channel condition
More Data Rate Factors
 More factors that affect HSDPA data rate
 Inter- TTI interval
 Retransmission
 ACK / NACK Repetition
 Assuming
 5 OVSF code for HS-PDSCH
 Consecutive assignment
 QPSK
 Turbo code rate =1/3
 Retransmission
 75% of data block decoded on first transmission
 25% of data block decoded on second transmission
Contents
UMTS Protocol Stack
HSDPA Protocol Stack
Summary
Thank you
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WCDMA HSDPA

Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

 Describe new channels for HSDPA

 Explain the physical channel processing

 HSDPA impact on protocol stack

 Identify HSDPA UE categories

 Define HSDPA protocols of Mac sub-layer

2. HSDPA Key Techniques

3. HSDPA Physical Layer Channel

4. HSDPA Layer2 Protocol

WCDMA HSDPA HSUPA

Downlink Peak Data Rate Downlink Peak Data Rate

 Closed loop power control

 FACH ( Common Channel )

 No closed loop power control

 Common Channel Features ( FACH )

 Channels are shared by multiple users

 Each user may be assigned all or part of the resource every

 NodeB fast Scheduling

Mode DCH FACH HSDPA

2. HSDPA Key Techniques

3. HSDPA Physical Layer Channels

4. HSDPA Layer2 Protocol

SF16, 2ms and CDM/TDM 16QAM 3 New Physical Channels

 NodeB selects modulation scheme ,data block size based on CQI

Bad channel condition Bad channel condition

0 N/A Out of range

Category 2 5 3 7298 28800

Category 3 5 2 7298 28800

Category 4 5 2 7298 38400

Category 5 5 1 7298 57600

Category 6 5 1 7298 67200

Category 7 10 1 14411 115200

Category 8 10 1 14411 134400

Category 9 15 1 20251 172800

Category 10 15 1 27952 172800

Category 11 5 2 3630 14400

Category 12 5 1 3630 28800

HSDPA RF performance depends on UE capability

 Hybrid ARQ ( HARQ )

 The use of HARQ with soft combining increases the

 In case of Incremental Redundancy ( IR ) each retransmission

 The NodeB HARQ process is responsible for:

 Shorter TTI is necessary to benefit from other functionalities

 A part of the total downlink code resource is dynamically

Power margin for DCH power control

Total Power Higher power utility

Allowed power for HSDPA

Power for CCH

 Resources are assigned to HSDPA user only when they are

 Scheduler may be based on:  Some basic scheduler

2. HSDPA Key Techniques

3. HSDPA Physical Layer Channels

4. HSDPA Layer2 Protocol

 High Speed Shared Control Channel ( HS-SCCH )

 High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel ( HS-PDSCH )

 High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel ( HS-DPCCH )

 Slot Duration R99 radio frame

 2560chips per slot

 16QAM: 4bits / symbol 0.67ms

 Eases the decoding, which allows HS-DPCCH to operate at

 DPCH does not carry service generally, sometimes carry

 Purpose of F-DPCH introduction is to keep the closed loop

 Each frame of length 10ms is split into 15 slots, each of length