0 penilaian0% menganggap dokumen ini bermanfaat (0 suara)
90 tayangan20 halaman
Teaching Oral Communication
Speaking Listening Rhodalyne Gallo-Crail rgallocrail@niu.edu COTSEAL Workshop University of California, LA, CA
Presentation Outline
Issues in Teaching Oral Communication Listening Approaches Speaking Approaches Principles in Designing Listening and Speaking Strategies and Activities Assessment
Issues in Teaching Oral Communication
The Place of Pronunciation Accuracy and Fluency Affective Factors The Interaction Effect The Role of Listening
Judul Asli
Speaking Workshop - English Speaking Course Lucknow (CDI) – www.cdilucknow.blogspot.com
Teaching Oral Communication
Speaking Listening Rhodalyne Gallo-Crail rgallocrail@niu.edu COTSEAL Workshop University of California, LA, CA
Presentation Outline
Issues in Teaching Oral Communication Listening Approaches Speaking Approaches Principles in Designing Listening and Speaking Strategies and Activities Assessment
Issues in Teaching Oral Communication
The Place of Pronunciation Accuracy and Fluency Affective Factors The Interaction Effect The Role of Listening
Hak Cipta:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Format Tersedia
Unduh sebagai PPT, PDF, TXT atau baca online dari Scribd
Teaching Oral Communication
Speaking Listening Rhodalyne Gallo-Crail rgallocrail@niu.edu COTSEAL Workshop University of California, LA, CA
Presentation Outline
Issues in Teaching Oral Communication Listening Approaches Speaking Approaches Principles in Designing Listening and Speaking Strategies and Activities Assessment
Issues in Teaching Oral Communication
The Place of Pronunciation Accuracy and Fluency Affective Factors The Interaction Effect The Role of Listening
Hak Cipta:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Format Tersedia
Unduh sebagai PPT, PDF, TXT atau baca online dari Scribd
Rhodalyne Gallo-Crail rgallocrail@niu.edu COTSEAL Workshop University of California, LA, CA Presentation Outline
• Issues in Teaching Oral Communication
• Listening Approaches • Speaking Approaches • Principles in Designing Listening and Speaking • Strategies and Activities • Assessment Issues in Teaching Oral Communication • The Place of Pronunciation • Accuracy and Fluency • Affective Factors • The Interaction Effect • The Role of Listening Approaches that Promote Listening • Total Physical Response (TPR) worked by James Asher (1977) which gives emphasis to comprehension where students were given ample amount of language to listen before they were encourage to respond orally. • The Natural Approach also recommended a significant silent period • Stephen Krashen (1982) emphasized the importance of “comprehensible input”. • Other studies also showed the importance of training students to use different cognitive strategies to process the input. These strategies may include the following: – Retention – Feedback – Interaction Principles for Designing Listening and Speaking Techniques (Brown, 1994)
• Techniques should cover the spectrum of
learner needs from language based focus on accuracy to message-based focus on interaction, meaning and fluency • Techniques should be intrinsically motivating • Techniques should utilize authentic language and contexts • Provide appropriate feedback and correction • Capitalize on the natural link between speaking and listening • Give students opportunities to initiate oral communication • Encourage the development of listening and speaking strategies Listening Strategies • Looking for key words • looking for nonverbal cues to meaning • predicting a speaker’s purpose by the context of the spoken discourse • associating information with one’s existing cognitive TYPES of Classroom Listening Performance • Reactive • Intensive • Responsive • Selective • Extensive • Interactive Speaking Strategies
• Asking for clarification
• Asking someone to repeat something • Using fillers and conversation maintenance cues • Getting someone’s attention • Using paraphrases for structures one can’t produce • Appealing for assistance • Using formulaic expressions • Using mime and one-verbal expression TYPES OF SPOKEN LANGUAGE (Nunan, 1991) • Monologue (planned and unplanned) – storytelling – news broadcast – readings (short stories, poems, etc.) • Dialogue (Interpersonal and Transactional) Types of Dialogues • Scripted Dialogue • Semi-Scripted • Using Picture Cues to present scenario for dialog • Discourse Chain Scripted Dialog ALING TOYANG: Hoy, Mila kumusta ka na? Matagal na tayong hindi nagkita. MILA: Oo nga, lumipat na kasi kami ng bahay. ALING TOYANG: Saan? MILA: Doon sa bayan ng San Juan. ALING TOYANG: Talaga, may mga pinsan ako sa San Juan. Ibigay mo sa akin ang address mo para pagpunta ko, mabisita na rin kita. MILA: O’ Sige, doon ako sa 188 kalye San Jose. Malapit sa munisipyo at istasyon ng pulis. ALING TOYANG: Parang hindi naman mahirap hanapin ang bahay mo. Magtatanong na lang ako. MILA: Aasahan ko ang pagdalaw mo. Semi-Scripted Dialogue • ALING TOYANG: Hoy, Mila _______? Matagal na tayong hindi nagkita. • MILA: Oo nga, lumipat na kasi kami ng ______. • ALING TOYANG: Saan? • MILA: Doon sa ___________. • ALING TOYANG: Talaga, may ______ ako sa San Juan. Ibigay mo sa akin ang _____ mo para pagpunta ko, mabisita na rin kita. • MILA: O’ Sige, doon ako sa _______. Malapit sa munisipyo at istasyon ng ______. • ALING TOYANG: Parang hindi naman mahirap hanapin ang ______. Magtatanong na lang ako. • MILA: Aasahan ko ang _________ mo. Using Picture Cues Discourse Chain Mother Son send your son to the Tell mother you will go buy store what she needs Store Keeper Greet the store keeper. Tell her/him what you want to buy, ask how much. Tell what you have and how much
Pay her and say goodbye.
Techniques for Teaching Oral Communications • Pronunciation – Stress, Intonation, Pitch, • Grammar • Discourse (Speaking and Listening) • Interactive Techniques – Interviews, Guessing Games, Discussions, Roleplay, Simulations, Problem Solving Activities • Individual Practice (Oral Dialogue Journal) ASSESSMENT
• Activity-Based • Oral Interviews • Recorded journals