INTRODUCTION
STRUCTURAL COMPONENT &
FUNCTIONS
FOUNDATION
• To carry and distribute building
load to the soil beneath.
• To avoid building settlement.
• To stabilize building position.
COLUMN
• To carry load from beam and
transfer it to foundation.
Continue…
BEAM
FLOOR SLAB
STAIRS
• Connect two successive
ROOF
• To protect building from rain and
shine
Factors in choosing suitable foundation design
•Dead Load
Loads •Life Load
•Wind Load
•Chemical reaction
Subsurface •Underground water level
condition •Bearing capacity of soil
•Residential
Building •Commercial or
design and high rise or
types wide span
building
Types of foundation
Pad
Foundation
• Ordinary Strip
Foundation
Strip • Wide strip foundation
Foundation • Deep Strip foundation
Combined
Continuous
Stepped
foundation
Balanced
Foundation
PAD FOUNDATION
• Is normally used as foundation to building or
residential building not exceeding 4 storey on
stiff soil such as gravel.
• Most using a FRAMED STRUCTURE.
• A pad foundation is the base of a column.
• The size of pad foundation depends on the size
of load to be carried and load bearing capacity
of the soil.
• The pad foundation is not suitable for large and
high rise building because it needs to carry
high load, which is not practical and
uneconomical.
• Normally constructed from reinforced
concrete (rc).
• Typical ratio of the concrete mix is 1:2:4.